{"markers":[{"id":"acahualinca-footprints","title":"Acahualinca footprints","href":"/nicaragua/acahualinca-footprints","lat":12.162222,"lon":-86.313333,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"nicaragua","place":"Acahualinca, Managua","countryName":"Nicaragua","ageLabel":"About 2,120 years, in one correlation","ageQualifier":"an older soil date still circulates","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Human tracks in volcanic mud in Managua, tied by one study to an eruption about 2,120 years ago, and still read both as a flight and as a walk.","callout":{"dx":12,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Acahualinca_Huellas_2.png","alt":"Several footprints pressed into cracked pale mud, some overlapping.","author":"Gumr51","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acahualinca_Huellas_2.png"}},{"id":"adulis","title":"Adulis","href":"/eritrea/adulis","lat":15.2636,"lon":39.6606,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"eritrea","place":"Near Zula, on the Red Sea coast","countryName":"Eritrea","ageLabel":"1st century to the early 7th","ageQualifier":"a possible gap, and churches late in the span","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The Red Sea port of the highland kingdoms, with a copied inscription that names Greek gods, and churches now dated to the sixth and early seventh centuries.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Adulis_%288529061940%29.jpg","alt":"An excavation trench in dry ground, stone walls in the sections, and red strings stretched across the balks.","author":"David Stanley","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adulis_(8529061940).jpg"}},{"id":"ain-dara","title":"Ain Dara","href":"/syria/ain-dara","lat":36.4594,"lon":36.8521,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"syria","place":"Ain Dara, northwest of Aleppo","countryName":"Syria","ageLabel":"Iron Age","ageQualifier":"the footprints are the question","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An Iron Age temple with metre-long footprints in the threshold, damaged in 2018.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Huge_footprints_Ain_Dara.jpg/1280px-Huge_footprints_Ain_Dara.jpg","alt":"Two large carved footprints in a stone slab, with a shoe at the top edge for scale.","author":"Verity Cridland","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Huge_footprints_Ain_Dara.jpg"}},{"id":"ales-stenar","title":"Ale's Stones","href":"/sweden/ales-stenar","lat":55.3825,"lon":14.055,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"sweden","place":"Kåseberga, Skåne","countryName":"Sweden","ageLabel":"Late Iron Age, on the charcoal","ageQualifier":"a solar date is also published","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stone ship on a sea cliff, dated to the late Iron Age and also read as a solstice calendar.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ales_stenar%2C_K%C3%A5seberga%2C_Ystad_Municipality_03.jpg/1280px-Ales_stenar%2C_K%C3%A5seberga%2C_Ystad_Municipality_03.jpg","alt":"Standing stones of Ale's Stones, with the Baltic horizon beyond the ship setting.","author":"Karel Frydrýšek","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ales_stenar,_K%C3%A5seberga,_Ystad_Municipality_03.jpg"}},{"id":"alta-rock-carvings","title":"Alta rock carvings","href":"/norway/alta-rock-carvings","lat":69.9509,"lon":23.1854,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"norway","place":"Hjemmeluft, Alta, Finnmark","countryName":"Norway","ageLabel":"About 5000 BC to the start of the common era","ageQualifier":"shorelines date the panels, and round marks have been read as sun and moon","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Thousands of hunter-gatherer carvings at the head of the Alta fjord, dated by the rising shore, with boats, bears, and a possible sun and moon.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-40,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Alta_rock_carvings_05.jpg/1280px-Alta_rock_carvings_05.jpg","alt":"Two reindeer pecked into pale rock, one smaller and one larger, in a black and white photograph.","author":"Jensvins","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alta_rock_carvings_05.jpg"}},{"id":"altamira","title":"Altamira","href":"/spain/altamira","lat":43.3775,"lon":-4.1224,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"spain","place":"Santillana del Mar, Cantabria","countryName":"Spain","ageLabel":"About 36,000 to 13,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"several dating clocks, not one birthday","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A ceiling of painted bison that experts once called a forgery, and a dating argument that is still open.","callout":{"dx":28,"dy":22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bisonte_en_el_Techo_de_Policromos%2C_Neocueva_de_Altamira.jpg/1280px-Bisonte_en_el_Techo_de_Policromos%2C_Neocueva_de_Altamira.jpg","alt":"Replica: a polychrome bison painted on the ceiling of the Altamira Neocueva.","author":"Jl FilpoC","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bisonte_en_el_Techo_de_Policromos,_Neocueva_de_Altamira.jpg"}},{"id":"amambay-rock-art","title":"Amambay rock art","href":"/paraguay/amambay-rock-art","lat":-23.0833,"lon":-55.9833,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"paraguay","place":"Cerro Guasú, Amambay, and related hills","countryName":"Paraguay","ageLabel":"Mid-Holocene hearth date","ageQualifier":"5,212 ± 323 before present, on one fire","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Sandstone shelters in eastern Paraguay are cut with tracks, pits, and signs. A hearth under one wall is dated 5,212 ± 323 before present. Books from the 1970s read some of the marks as Norse runes.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Rock_art_in_a_hill_in_Amambay%2C_Paraguay.jpeg","alt":"A layered sandstone wall under an overhang, covered with grooves, pits, and a few round marks, with small green plants in the cracks and patches of sun on the sandy floor.","author":"FrankOWeaver","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rock_art_in_a_hill_in_Amambay,_Paraguay.jpeg"}},{"id":"ambum-stone","title":"Ambum Stone","href":"/papua-new-guinea/ambum-stone","lat":-5.3724,"lon":143.838,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"papua-new-guinea","place":"Ambum Valley, Enga Province","countryName":"Papua New Guinea","ageLabel":"Buried by about 1500 BCE","ageQualifier":"rootlets in a crack, not the day it was carved","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A small greywacke figure from the Enga highlands, dated by rootlets in a crack, among stone mortars whose use is still open.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Ambum_Valley%2C_Enga_PNG_where_I_was_vice_principle.jpg","alt":"Forested highland slopes with a cluster of buildings and a path through gardens.","author":"Masalai","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ambum_Valley,_Enga_PNG_where_I_was_vice_principle.jpg"}},{"id":"angkor-wat","title":"Angkor Wat","href":"/cambodia/angkor-wat","lat":13.4125,"lon":103.8668,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cambodia","place":"Angkor Wat, south of Angkor Thom","countryName":"Cambodia","ageLabel":"Early 12th century","ageQualifier":"The reign given for the builder is 1113 to 1149. The temple faces west.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Angkor Wat is a west-facing temple in a rectangle of water, sandstone over laterite, the stone quarried about 30 kilometres northeast.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":56,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Angkor_Wat_aerial_view.jpg","alt":"Aerial view of Angkor Wat inside its rectangular moat, with forest on the near bank.","author":"Steve Jurvetson from Menlo Park, USA","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Angkor_Wat_aerial_view.jpg"}},{"id":"apollo-11-cave","title":"Apollo 11 Cave","href":"/namibia/apollo-11-cave","lat":-27.75,"lon":17.1,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"namibia","place":"Huns Mountains, southwestern Namibia","countryName":"Namibia","ageLabel":"Buried between 27,500 and 25,500 years ago","ageQualifier":"the layer date is not the day the animals were painted","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Seven painted stone slabs from a Namibian shelter, dated by the layer that buried them, not by the paint.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Apollo_11_Cave_painting_1.jpg/1280px-Apollo_11_Cave_painting_1.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Two fitted stone slabs with a reddish animal painted across the join, held by metal clips.","author":"Thilo Parg","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apollo_11_Cave_painting_1.jpg"}},{"id":"baalbek","title":"Baalbek","href":"/lebanon/baalbek","lat":34.0069,"lon":36.2039,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"lebanon","place":"Baalbek","countryName":"Lebanon","ageLabel":"Roman imperial centuries","ageQualifier":"the largest stones","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Roman sanctuary on stones of 800 tons, in a land of the oldest cities and the first alphabet.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-48,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lebanon%2C_Baalbek%2C_Temple_of_Jupiter.jpg/1280px-Lebanon%2C_Baalbek%2C_Temple_of_Jupiter.jpg","alt":"Six tall columns standing on a massive stone podium.","author":"Vyacheslav Argenberg","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lebanon,_Baalbek,_Temple_of_Jupiter.jpg"}},{"id":"bamiyan","title":"Bamiyan","href":"/afghanistan/bamiyan","lat":34.8317,"lon":67.8266,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"afghanistan","place":"Bamiyan valley","countryName":"Afghanistan","ageLabel":"Statues in the 6th and 7th centuries, murals from the 5th","ageQualifier":"two calibrations, and drying oil in some caves","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Empty niches in a cliff where two giant Buddhas stood, with radiocarbon on the statues and drying oil in some of the cave paintings.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Bamyan.jpg","alt":"A tan cliff full of cave openings, with one tall empty niche, fields and trees in front, and bare mountains behind.","author":"Monikajoannah","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bamyan.jpg"}},{"id":"ban-chiang","title":"Ban Chiang","href":"/thailand/ban-chiang","lat":17.4069,"lon":103.2414,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"thailand","place":"Nong Han, Udon Thani","countryName":"Thailand","ageLabel":"Bronze debated, about 2000 BC or about 1000 BC","ageQualifier":"rice in the pots against bone collagen from the graves","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Red-painted pottery and early bronze at a village in northeast Thailand, with a dating fight between about 2000 BC and about 1000 BC.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ban_Chiang_excavations.jpg/1280px-Ban_Chiang_excavations.jpg","alt":"An excavation grid with many painted pots and broken vessels sitting on the soil baulks.","author":"Steve from Bangkok, Thailand","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ban_Chiang_excavations.jpg"}},{"id":"bandiagara","title":"Bandiagara and the Dogon sky","href":"/mali/bandiagara","lat":14.466,"lon":-3.317,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mali","place":"Sangha, Bandiagara escarpment","countryName":"Mali","ageLabel":"A cliff lived on for centuries","ageQualifier":"the Sirius tradition is the open reading","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Cliff villages of the Dogon, and a recorded tradition about Sirius that three readings still share.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-32,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bandiagara_escarpment_1.jpg/1280px-Bandiagara_escarpment_1.jpg","alt":"Mud houses and granaries built along the base of the Bandiagara cliff.","author":"Ferdinand Reus","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bandiagara_escarpment_1.jpg"}},{"id":"bavarian-elongated-skulls","title":"Bavarian elongated skulls","href":"/germany/bavarian-elongated-skulls","lat":48.99,"lon":12.2,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"germany","place":"Regensburg and the Bavarian cemeteries","countryName":"Germany","ageLabel":"Around 500 AD","ageQualifier":"graves of the Migration Period","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Around 500 AD, Bavarian graves hold skulls shaped in childhood, mostly women whose ancestry points southeast.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HMR_-_Sch%C3%A4del_1.jpg/1280px-HMR_-_Sch%C3%A4del_1.jpg","alt":"A skull in profile in a museum case, the forehead sloping back and the vault high.","author":"Wolfgang Sauber","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HMR_-_Sch%C3%A4del_1.jpg"}},{"id":"blombos","title":"Blombos Cave","href":"/south-africa/blombos","lat":-34.4144,"lon":21.2225,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"south-africa","place":"Near Still Bay, Western Cape","countryName":"South Africa","ageLabel":"About 77,000 and about 73,000 years","ageQualifier":"engraved ochre, then a drawn cross-hatch, both on loose pieces","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Cross-hatched ochre and a drawn design from a southern Cape cave, dated by the layers they were found in.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Blombo.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A piece of red ochre engraved with a cross-hatched grid, above a line drawing of the same marks, with a one-centimetre scale.","author":"Chris S. Henshilwood","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blombo.jpg"}},{"id":"boyne-valley","title":"Boyne Valley","href":"/ireland/boyne-valley","lat":53.6947,"lon":-6.4756,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ireland","place":"Brú na Bóinne, County Meath","countryName":"Ireland","ageLabel":"About 3200 to 3000 BC for the great mounds","ageQualifier":"shared horizon for Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth; use continued later","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three great passage tombs on one bend of the Boyne, around 3200–3000 BC, packed with carved stone, a winter sunrise, a winter sunset, and passages near the equinox.","callout":{"dx":32,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Approaching_newgrange.jpg/1280px-Approaching_newgrange.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"White quartz facade and entrance of Newgrange under a green mound.","author":"fhwrdh","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Approaching_newgrange.jpg"}},{"id":"bujang-valley","title":"Bujang Valley","href":"/malaysia/bujang-valley","lat":5.69061,"lon":100.45698,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"malaysia","place":"Sungai Batu, Bujang Valley, Kedah","countryName":"Malaysia","ageLabel":"Iron smelting in the early centuries CE","ageQualifier":"an older sample treated as an outlier","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A dated iron industry and brick shrines in Kedah, set beside a 2005 claim of a lost city in the Johor forest that a museum expedition did not find.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sungai_Batu_Archaeological_Site_3.jpg/1280px-Sungai_Batu_Archaeological_Site_3.jpg","alt":"An open-sided shelter with a red roof in a palm grove, a sign reading Sungai Batu, and dark furnace remains in the shade underneath.","author":"Blackhurrem","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sungai_Batu_Archaeological_Site_3.jpg"}},{"id":"caguana","title":"Caguana","href":"/puerto-rico/caguana","lat":18.2947,"lon":-66.7811,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"puerto-rico","place":"Barrio Caguana, Utuado","countryName":"Puerto Rico","ageLabel":"About 1270, in the case study","ageQualifier":"courts restored, bearings without degrees","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Taíno ball courts in the mountains, a stone row read as equinox, and a view from one plaza toward Polaris, with no degree printed.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Caguana_Ceremonial_Ball_Courts_Site%2C_Utuado%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/1280px-Caguana_Ceremonial_Ball_Courts_Site%2C_Utuado%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg","alt":"A long row of upright brown stones edging a flat earthen court, with large trees behind the line.","author":"Jimmy Rivera","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caguana_Ceremonial_Ball_Courts_Site,_Utuado,_Puerto_Rico.jpg"}},{"id":"carnac","title":"Carnac","href":"/france/carnac","lat":47.586,"lon":-3.073,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"france","place":"Carnac, Morbihan, Brittany","countryName":"France","ageLabel":"About 4600 to 4300 BC for dated alignments","ageQualifier":"the earliest dated rows; the whole complex spans centuries","roomStatus":"open","summary":"More than three thousand standing stones in rows, among the earliest megaliths in Europe, and a purpose that is still open.","callout":{"dx":28,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Alignements_de_Carnac%2C_Morbihan_%28France%29.jpg/1280px-Alignements_de_Carnac%2C_Morbihan_%28France%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Rows of standing stones stretch across a green field under a wide sky.","author":"Le Passant","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alignements_de_Carnac,_Morbihan_(France).jpg"}},{"id":"catalhoyuk","title":"Çatalhöyük","href":"/turkey/catalhoyuk","lat":37.6667,"lon":32.8281,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Konya","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"9,000+ years","ageQualifier":"approximate","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Neolithic mound, lived in for a long time.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":8,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk%2C_7400_BC%2C_Konya%2C_Turkey_-_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site%2C_06.jpg/1920px-%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk%2C_7400_BC%2C_Konya%2C_Turkey_-_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site%2C_06.jpg","alt":"The packed houses under the excavation shelter, wall against wall.","author":"Murat Özsoy 1958","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk%2C_7400_BC%2C_Konya%2C_Turkey_-_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site%2C_06.jpg"}},{"id":"cerro-pintado","title":"Cerro Pintado","href":"/venezuela/cerro-pintado","lat":5.65517,"lon":-67.60008,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"venezuela","place":"Atures Rapids, near Puerto Ayacucho","countryName":"Venezuela","ageLabel":"Not directly dated","ageQualifier":"motifs shared with pots of about 100 BC to 1480 CE","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Monumental engravings along the Orinoco, including a snake at Cerro Pintado about 42 metres long, read as territorial marks and as beings from Indigenous cosmogony, and not yet dated on the rock.","callout":{"dx":-12,"dy":-20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Caicara-Venezuela-petroglyphs-1.jpg/1280px-Caicara-Venezuela-petroglyphs-1.jpg","alt":"A black-and-white photograph of spirals pecked into a flat boulder, with a crack running through the panel.","author":"T. A. Bendrat","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caicara-Venezuela-petroglyphs-1.jpg"}},{"id":"chavin","title":"Chavín de Huántar","href":"/peru/chavin","lat":-9.5928,"lon":-77.1785,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"A temple in a high valley of Áncash","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"1500 to 300 BCE","ageQualifier":"The culture’s span in the World Heritage listing. The shells are a first-millennium context.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A gallery temple whose excavated shell horns, played inside, meet resonances in the stone and produce a beat.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Chavin_de_Huantar_Plaza_Circular_06122009.jpg","alt":"A sunken rectangular court of rough stone at Chavín de Huántar, with a standing slab near the middle.","author":"Dtarazona","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chavin_de_Huantar_Plaza_Circular_06122009.jpg"}},{"id":"cheomseongdae","title":"Cheomseongdae","href":"/south-korea/cheomseongdae","lat":35.8353,"lon":129.2192,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"south-korea","place":"Gyeongju","countryName":"South Korea","ageLabel":"Reign of Seondeok, 632 to 647","ageQualifier":"observatory, altar, or both","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stone tower in Gyeongju whose counts and window are read as a sky instrument.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-40,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cheomseongdae_Observatory_01.jpg/1280px-Cheomseongdae_Observatory_01.jpg","alt":"Cheomseongdae, a bottle-shaped stone tower with a square window and a square top.","author":"Bernard Gagnon","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cheomseongdae_Observatory_01.jpg"}},{"id":"chinchorro","title":"Chinchorro mummies","href":"/chile/chinchorro","lat":-18.479,"lon":-70.323,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"chile","place":"Arica","countryName":"Chile","ageLabel":"From about 5450 BCE","ageQualifier":"the oldest deliberate mummies","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Bodies rebuilt with sticks, clay, and paint, older than Egypt’s coffins.","callout":{"dx":-40,"dy":-16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Chinchorro_mummy_bodies_Arica.jpg/1280px-Chinchorro_mummy_bodies_Arica.jpg","alt":"Chinchorro mummies in Arica.","author":"Zorka Ostojic Espinoza","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinchorro_mummy_bodies_Arica.jpg"}},{"id":"chongoni","title":"Chongoni","href":"/malawi/chongoni","lat":-14.2933,"lon":34.2792,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"malawi","place":"Chongoni Forest Reserve, central plateau","countryName":"Malawi","ageLabel":"Late Stone Age to the 20th century","ageQualifier":"red hunter-gatherer paint and white farmer paint","roomStatus":"open","summary":"127 rock-art sites on 126.4 square kilometres, BaTwa red paintings and Chewa white paintings still tied to women’s ceremonies.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Chongoni_Rock-Art_Area-110128.jpg/1280px-Chongoni_Rock-Art_Area-110128.jpg","alt":"A granite face with large red painted shapes, some with legs, and smaller white marks along the edges.","author":"Lazare Eloundou Assomo","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chongoni_Rock-Art_Area-110128.jpg"}},{"id":"christmas-river","title":"Christmas River","href":"/madagascar/christmas-river","lat":-22.771,"lon":45.363,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"madagascar","place":"Ilakakabe, east of the Isalo massif","countryName":"Madagascar","ageLabel":"Cut bone older than 10,500 years, or settlement after about 500 CE","ageQualifier":"the same island, two clocks","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Elephant-bird bones with cut marks, directly dated to more than 10,500 years ago, set against a case that people did not settle Madagascar until the mid-first millennium CE. The Vazimba are the highland name for whoever came first.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Aepyornis_maximus.jpg/1280px-Aepyornis_maximus.jpg","alt":"A historic photograph of a mounted elephant-bird skeleton beside a large egg.","author":"Monnier","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aepyornis_maximus.jpg"}},{"id":"ciudad-del-jaguar","title":"Ciudad del Jaguar","href":"/honduras/ciudad-del-jaguar","lat":15.264167,"lon":-84.949167,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"honduras","place":"Valle de la Fortaleza, Mosquitia","countryName":"Honduras","ageLabel":"Earthworks in a rainforest valley","ageQualifier":"a cache dated by style to 1000–1400 CE","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Lidar and a ground visit found a city of plazas in the Mosquitia. An older oral tradition of a White City was not what the survey claimed to have matched.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=medium&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0159890.g016","alt":"A contour map of a river valley with rectangular areas outlined and small mounds marked in orange, labelled 955.","author":"Fisher and co-authors","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159890"}},{"id":"coa-valley","title":"Côa Valley","href":"/portugal/coa-valley","lat":41.0542,"lon":-7.1129,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"portugal","place":"Canada do Inferno, Vila Nova de Foz Côa","countryName":"Portugal","ageLabel":"Some lines older than about 15,000 years","ageQualifier":"a buried panel gives a minimum; most open-air lines still have no burial","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Open-air engravings of horses and aurochs were once called too exposed to be Ice Age, then found buried under dated layers.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Pr%C3%A4historische_Felsgravuren_%28Canada_do_Inferno%29_06.jpg/1280px-Pr%C3%A4historische_Felsgravuren_%28Canada_do_Inferno%29_06.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A horse-like animal pecked into a grey schist slab among other faint lines.","author":"JensKunstfreund","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pr%C3%A4historische_Felsgravuren_(Canada_do_Inferno)_06.jpg"}},{"id":"coliboaia","title":"Coliboaia Cave","href":"/romania/coliboaia","lat":46.5306,"lon":22.5972,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"romania","place":"Sighiștel Valley, Bihor","countryName":"Romania","ageLabel":"About 32,500 to 31,200 years on one figure","ageQualifier":"older charcoal nearby was on a bench, not in the line","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Charcoal drawings of bison, horse, bear, and rhinoceros sit deep in a siphoned cave, with one date on a figure and an older date underneath another.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Coliboaia_cave.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Orange-lit stalactites over a still pool in a cave.","author":"Tommy from Arad","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coliboaia_cave.jpg"}},{"id":"cueva-de-las-manos","title":"Cueva de las Manos","href":"/argentina/cueva-de-las-manos","lat":-47.1558,"lon":-70.6572,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"argentina","place":"Río Pinturas, Santa Cruz","countryName":"Argentina","ageLabel":"From about 9,300 radiocarbon years ago","ageQualifier":"pigment matched to a layer, not a date on every figure","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Hand stencils and guanaco hunts in a Patagonian canyon, tied to a 9,300-year-old layer and to a wider listing range.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg/1280px-SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Dozens of hand stencils in red, white and black on a rock overhang.","author":"Mariano","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg"}},{"id":"dabous-giraffes","title":"Dabous giraffes","href":"/niger/dabous-giraffes","lat":18.030278,"lon":7.580556,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"niger","place":"Dabous, western Aïr","countryName":"Niger","ageLabel":"A wet-Sahara style, about 9,000 to 6,500 BCE","ageQualifier":"no date on the groove","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Two huge engraved giraffes on a sandstone slab north of Agadez, dated by the animals of a greener Sahara rather than by a sample from the line.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Giraffen_von_Dabous.jpg/1280px-Giraffen_von_Dabous.jpg","alt":"Two large giraffes engraved on a sloping sandstone slab, with two people standing on the rock for scale.","author":"MRF-Freund","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Giraffen_von_Dabous.jpg"}},{"id":"deer-stones","title":"Deer stones","href":"/mongolia/deer-stones","lat":49.6554,"lon":99.9283,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mongolia","place":"Uushigiin Övör, Khövsgöl","countryName":"Mongolia","ageLabel":"About 1200 to 600 BC","ageQualifier":"UNESCO span for the inscribed stones; horse remains cluster about 1200 to 700 BC","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Bronze Age stelae carved with flying deer, weapons, and circles, set facing east among burial mounds.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Deer_stones_at_Uushgiin_Uvur_01.jpg/1280px-Deer_stones_at_Uushgiin_Uvur_01.jpg","alt":"Tall engraved stelae standing in a grassy valley, with mountains behind them.","author":"Bernard Gagnon","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deer_stones_at_Uushgiin_Uvur_01.jpg"}},{"id":"dilmun-burial-mounds","title":"Dilmun burial mounds","href":"/bahrain/dilmun-burial-mounds","lat":26.149722,"lon":50.512778,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bahrain","place":"A'ali and the western mound fields","countryName":"Bahrain","ageLabel":"About 2200 to 1750 BCE","ageQualifier":"royal mounds and a landscape of thousands","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Thousands of Early Dilmun tombs on Bahrain, a few of them royal, and a paradise name in Mesopotamian texts that may or may not be this island.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Burial_Mounds_in_Bahrain_1918.jpg/1280px-Burial_Mounds_in_Bahrain_1918.jpg","alt":"A black-and-white view of large conical gravel mounds, with donkeys and two people in the foreground.","author":"Edwin Aubrey Storrs-Fox","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burial_Mounds_in_Bahrain_1918.jpg"}},{"id":"diquis","title":"Diquís","href":"/costa-rica/diquis","lat":8.9114,"lon":-83.4775,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"costa-rica","place":"Diquís Delta","countryName":"Costa Rica","ageLabel":"About AD 500 to 1500","ageQualifier":"several open questions","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Nearly perfect stone spheres, set by the settlements of the Diquís plain.","callout":{"dx":-40,"dy":-22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Diquis_Stone_Spheres_in_situ_Finca_6_CR_12_2020.jpg/1280px-Diquis_Stone_Spheres_in_situ_Finca_6_CR_12_2020.jpg","alt":"Several Diquís stone spheres of different sizes in a forest clearing at Finca 6.","author":"Diego Padilla Durán y Mariordo","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diquis_Stone_Spheres_in_situ_Finca_6_CR_12_2020.jpg"}},{"id":"dmanisi","title":"Dmanisi skulls","href":"/georgia/dmanisi","lat":41.3372,"lon":44.3449,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"georgia","place":"Dmanisi, Kvemo Kartli","countryName":"Georgia","ageLabel":"1.85 to 1.77 million years","ageQualifier":"five skulls, one of them 546 cubic centimetres, with simple flake tools","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The earliest well-dated hominin skulls outside Africa, small-brained, under a medieval town in Georgia, with the timing of the first exit still open.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Dmanisi_skull_1.8_MYA_front.jpg","alt":"A fossil skull from the front, with a heavy brow, large eye sockets, and a small vault.","author":"Jonathan Cardy","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dmanisi_skull_1.8_MYA_front.jpg"}},{"id":"el-kurru","title":"El-Kurru","href":"/sudan/el-kurru","lat":18.41,"lon":31.771,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"sudan","place":"West bank of the Nile, downstream from Jebel Barkal","countryName":"Sudan","ageLabel":"about 750–650 BCE","ageQualifier":"royal cemetery of Kush’s 25th Dynasty, and a later pyramid","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The royal cemetery where Kush’s kings learned the pyramid, from round tumuli to stone cones, before one of them ruled Egypt.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-12,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Al-Kurru%2Cmain_pyramid.jpg/1280px-Al-Kurru%2Cmain_pyramid.jpg","alt":"A ruined earth-and-stone pyramid mound in desert, with a deep trench cut down to a dark opening.","author":"Bertramz","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Al-Kurru,main_pyramid.jpg"}},{"id":"elles-dolmens","title":"Ellès dolmens","href":"/tunisia/elles-dolmens","lat":35.9849,"lon":9.06,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"tunisia","place":"Ellès, Makthar, and Mididi, the Haut-Tell","countryName":"Tunisia","ageLabel":"A necropolis dated 1800–1600 BC at Dougga, and 9th–8th century BC at Mididi","ageQualifier":"dolmen fields with more than one clock","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Fields of stone chambers in the Haut-Tell, hundreds of them, dated to the late second millennium at Dougga and to the 9th–8th centuries BC in a Mididi skeleton.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/ELLES_Megalithic_tombs_12.jpg","alt":"A rectangular tomb of coursed stone blocks with a dark entrance, pines behind it.","author":"IssamBarhoumi","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ELLES_Megalithic_tombs_12.jpg"}},{"id":"ennedi","title":"Ennedi rock art","href":"/chad/ennedi","lat":16.8548,"lon":21.8067,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"chad","place":"Manda Guéli cave, Ennedi Massif","countryName":"Chad","ageLabel":"Pictures from about 5000 BC onward","ageQualifier":"style and climate, not paint dates","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Thousands of paintings and engravings in a Saharan refuge, ordered by wild animals, then cattle, then horses and camels together, as the green Sahara dried.","callout":{"dx":12,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Prehistoric_Rock_Paintings_at_Manda_Gu%C3%A9li_Cave_in_the_Ennedi_Mountains_-_northeastern_Chad_2015.jpg/1280px-Prehistoric_Rock_Paintings_at_Manda_Gu%C3%A9li_Cave_in_the_Ennedi_Mountains_-_northeastern_Chad_2015.jpg","alt":"A sandstone wall covered with paintings of cattle, horses, riders, and human figures in red, white, and dark pigment.","author":"David Stanley","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prehistoric_Rock_Paintings_at_Manda_Gu%C3%A9li_Cave_in_the_Ennedi_Mountains_-_northeastern_Chad_2015.jpg"}},{"id":"erebuni","title":"Erebuni","href":"/armenia/erebuni","lat":40.1405,"lon":44.5386,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"armenia","place":"Arin Berd, southeastern Yerevan","countryName":"Armenia","ageLabel":"782 BCE","ageQualifier":"founded by Argishti I in his fifth year","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An Urartian fortress on a hill in Yerevan, founded in 782 BCE by an inscription that still names the city Erebuni.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Erebuni_urartian_fortress_02.jpg/1280px-Erebuni_urartian_fortress_02.jpg","alt":"A low stone fortress along the crest of a bare hill, with apartment blocks of a modern city below.","author":"Armen Manukov","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Erebuni_urartian_fortress_02.jpg"}},{"id":"etruscan-texts","title":"Etruscan texts","href":"/italy/etruscan-texts","lat":42.015225,"lon":11.96341389,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"italy","place":"Pyrgi, Santa Severa, Lazio","countryName":"Italy","ageLabel":"About 500 BC for the gold sheets","ageQualifier":"a readable alphabet, a language only partly known","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Gold sheets and a linen book in a language that can be sounded and still cannot be fully translated.","callout":{"dx":-48,"dy":-18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Pyrgi_tablets.jpg/1280px-The_Pyrgi_tablets.jpg","alt":"Three creased gold sheets with incised letters and nail holes along the edges.","author":"O.Mustafin","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Pyrgi_tablets.jpg"}},{"id":"ggantija","title":"Ggantija","href":"/malta/ggantija","lat":36.0472,"lon":14.2692,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"malta","place":"Xaghra, Gozo","countryName":"Malta","ageLabel":"4th and 3rd millennia BCE","ageQualifier":"the roof is gone","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Two early stone temples stand on Gozo, and the roof is missing.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Templo_de_%C4%A0gantija%2C_isla_de_Gozo%2C_Malta%2C_2021-08-23%2C_DD_18.jpg/1280px-Templo_de_%C4%A0gantija%2C_isla_de_Gozo%2C_Malta%2C_2021-08-23%2C_DD_18.jpg","alt":"The megalithic walls of Ggantija on Gozo.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Templo_de_%C4%A0gantija,_isla_de_Gozo,_Malta,_2021-08-23,_DD_18.jpg"}},{"id":"giza","title":"Giza","href":"/egypt/giza","lat":29.9792,"lon":31.1342,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Giza","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"Old Kingdom, and older claims","ageQualifier":"several clocks","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three pyramids, a lion in a trench, a town and a harbor, and more than one published reading of the plan.","callout":{"dx":88,"dy":-48,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/All_pyramids_of_Giza_panorama_2.jpg/1280px-All_pyramids_of_Giza_panorama_2.jpg","alt":"The three pyramids of Giza across the plateau.","author":"kallerna","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:All_pyramids_of_Giza_panorama_2.jpg"}},{"id":"gla","title":"Gla and the Kopais","href":"/greece/gla","lat":38.483,"lon":23.016,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"greece","place":"The Kopais basin, Boeotia","countryName":"Greece","ageLabel":"A Mycenaean fortress on a drained lake","ageQualifier":"The walls are about 5.5 to 5.8 metres thick, around about 20 hectares.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Gla is the largest Mycenaean citadel, on a rock in the Kopais, with a wall about 3 kilometres long.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/gla-circuit.svg","alt":"Diagram of Gla's wall, about 3 kilometres long and 5.5 to 5.8 metres thick.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"http://glas-excavations.org/about.html"}},{"id":"gobustan","title":"Gobustan","href":"/azerbaijan/gobustan","lat":40.1231,"lon":49.3819,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"azerbaijan","place":"Boyukdash, Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape","countryName":"Azerbaijan","ageLabel":"Upper Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages","ageQualifier":"more than 6,000 engravings, not one date","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Thousands of engravings on a Caspian plateau, including reed boats and a boulder that rings, with the age of any one picture still a matter of style rather than a laboratory clock.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gobustan_rock_paintings_-_a_boat.jpg/1280px-Gobustan_rock_paintings_-_a_boat.jpg","alt":"A curved boat pecked into dark rock, with a row of short upright strokes along the hull and a small rayed mark at one end.","author":"M.Ragimov","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gobustan_rock_paintings_-_a_boat.jpg"}},{"id":"gonur-tepe","title":"Gonur Tepe","href":"/turkmenistan/gonur-tepe","lat":38.21,"lon":62.035,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkmenistan","place":"the Murghab delta, north of Mary","countryName":"Turkmenistan","ageLabel":"About 2400 to 1600 BC","ageQualifier":"the Oxus civilization’s main city, with a ritual drink still argued","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Bronze Age city in the Murghab delta, capital of the Oxus civilization, with a palace, thousands of graves, and a claimed ritual drink.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gonur_ruins.jpg","alt":"Mud-brick walls of a ruined complex, with two pale pottery vessels set on the excavated brick.","author":"David Stanley","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gonur_ruins.jpg"}},{"id":"great-zimbabwe","title":"Great Zimbabwe","href":"/zimbabwe/great-zimbabwe","lat":-20.2686,"lon":30.9309,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"zimbabwe","place":"Near Masvingo, in the lowveld","countryName":"Zimbabwe","ageLabel":"11th–15th centuries","ageQualifier":"a Shona capital, granite laid without mortar","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Shona stone capital near Masvingo, with a mortarless granite enclosure, a conical tower, and a trade in gold and ivory.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Conical_tower_%E2%80%93_Great_Zimbabwe.jpg/1280px-Conical_tower_%E2%80%93_Great_Zimbabwe.jpg","alt":"A solid stone tower of coursed granite inside a curved enclosure wall, with trees above it.","author":"Fanny Schertzer","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conical_tower_%E2%80%93_Great_Zimbabwe.jpg"}},{"id":"haamonga","title":"Haʻamonga ʻa Maui","href":"/tonga/haamonga","lat":-21.1367,"lon":-175.0481,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"tonga","place":"Heketa, Tongatapu","countryName":"Tonga","ageLabel":"About the 13th century, by tradition","ageQualifier":"the solstice sightline is the open reading","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A coral trilithon whose lintel has been read as a solstice sight.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ha%CA%BBamonga.jpg/1280px-Ha%CA%BBamonga.jpg","alt":"The Haʻamonga ʻa Maui trilithon, two coral uprights and a lintel, in a grassy park.","author":"Tauʻolunga","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ha%CA%BBamonga.jpg"}},{"id":"hegra","title":"Hegra","href":"/saudi-arabia/hegra","lat":26.7836,"lon":37.955,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"saudi-arabia","place":"AlUla, the Nabataean necropolis of al-Hijr","countryName":"Saudi Arabia","ageLabel":"Inscribed tombs, years 1 to 75 CE","ageQualifier":"Regnal dates on the façades. The sandstone is vastly older.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Nabataean tomb façades cut in sandstone, including the unfinished Qasr al-Farid, with dates written on the stone.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Qasr_al-Farid%2C_Hegra_%28Madain_Salih%29%2C_1st_cent._CE%2C_Saudi_Arabia_%2824%29.jpg","alt":"An isolated sandstone boulder in the desert, with a tomb façade and a row of steps cut into one face.","author":"Richard Mortel","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qasr_al-Farid,_Hegra_(Madain_Salih),_1st_cent._CE,_Saudi_Arabia_(24).jpg"}},{"id":"hun-era-shaped-skulls","title":"Hun-era shaped skulls","href":"/hungary/hun-era-shaped-skulls","lat":46.38,"lon":18.75,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"hungary","place":"Mözs and the Great Hungarian Plain","countryName":"Hungary","ageLabel":"5th and 6th centuries","ageQualifier":"Hunnic and Gepid graves","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Fifth- and sixth-century graves on the Hungarian plain hold skulls shaped with boards and bands.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Elongated_skull_Hungarian_national_Museum_3.jpg/1280px-Elongated_skull_Hungarian_national_Museum_3.jpg","alt":"A tall skull in three-quarter view, the forehead sloping back and a line running up the midline of the crown.","author":"Ceoil","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elongated_skull_Hungarian_national_Museum_3.jpg"}},{"id":"hvalsey","title":"Hvalsey Church","href":"/greenland/hvalsey","lat":60.8286,"lon":-45.7828,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"greenland","place":"Hvalseyjarfjord, near Qaqortoq","countryName":"Greenland","ageLabel":"About 985 to the mid-1400s","ageQualifier":"a wedding in writing, then a radiocarbon tail","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The best-preserved Norse church in Greenland, last mentioned for a wedding in the early 1400s, after which the Eastern Settlement ends.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hvalsey_Church.jpg/1280px-Hvalsey_Church.jpg","alt":"A roofless stone church of flat grey stones beside a fjord, with a doorway in the near gable and a window opening in the long wall.","author":"Number 57","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hvalsey_Church.jpg"}},{"id":"ifugao-terraces","title":"Ifugao rice terraces","href":"/philippines/ifugao-terraces","lat":16.9341,"lon":121.1363,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"philippines","place":"Batad and the Ifugao clusters, Luzon","countryName":"Philippines","ageLabel":"A listing of 2,000 years, and terrace dates after about 1500 CE","ageQualifier":"the ponds are older than the radiocarbon, or they are not","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Stone-walled rice ponds on the Cordillera, dated at 2,000 years by the World Heritage listing and after about 1500 CE by radiocarbon from the walls.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Banaue_Philippines_Batad-Rice-Terraces-02.jpg","alt":"Curved stone-walled ponds of water and green rice around a village of metal roofs and thatch.","author":"CEphoto, Uwe Aranas","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Banaue_Philippines_Batad-Rice-Terraces-02.jpg"}},{"id":"ishi-no-hoden","title":"Ishi no Hoden","href":"/japan/ishi-no-hoden","lat":34.7819,"lon":134.7949,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"japan","place":"Takasago, Hyogo","countryName":"Japan","ageLabel":"Quarry work of the Kofun centuries","ageQualifier":"still joined to the rock","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A 453-tonne stone left standing in its own quarry cut.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ishi-no-hoden_%2C_%E7%9F%B3%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9D%E6%AE%BF_-_panoramio.jpg/1280px-Ishi-no-hoden_%2C_%E7%9F%B3%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9D%E6%AE%BF_-_panoramio.jpg","alt":"The megalith Ishi no Hoden standing in a cut in the bedrock at Takasago.","author":"z tanuki","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ishi-no-hoden_,_%E7%9F%B3%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9D%E6%AE%BF_-_panoramio.jpg"}},{"id":"jebel-irhoud","title":"Jebel Irhoud","href":"/morocco/jebel-irhoud","lat":31.855,"lon":-8.8725,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"morocco","place":"Jebel Irhoud, inland from Safi","countryName":"Morocco","ageLabel":"315,000 ± 34,000 years","ageQualifier":"thermoluminescence on burnt flints in the fossil layers","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Homo sapiens fossils in Morocco at about 315,000 years, with modern faces, long braincases, and a date on burnt flints that widened the origin of the species across Africa.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Jebel_Irhoud_1._Homo_Sapiens.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A fossil skull cast facing forward, with a broad face, heavy brows and a long vault, against a warm wall.","author":"Ryan Somma","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jebel_Irhoud_1._Homo_Sapiens.jpg"}},{"id":"jiroft","title":"Jiroft and Konar Sandal","href":"/iran/jiroft","lat":28.4983,"lon":57.7942,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iran","place":"Konar Sandal, near Jiroft, Kerman","countryName":"Iran","ageLabel":"About 3000 to 2200 BC","ageQualifier":"Bronze Age civilisation of the Halil River","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Bronze Age civilisation on the Halil River, unknown in the books until a flood in 2001 opened the graves, and then looted, excavated, and argued over for its script.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/A_Chlorite_object_from_Jiroft%2C_Iran_%28late_3rd_millennium_BC%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A chlorite weight shaped like a handbag, carved with animals.","author":"Behrouz.rayini","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Chlorite_object_from_Jiroft,_Iran_(late_3rd_millennium_BC).jpg"}},{"id":"joya-de-ceren","title":"Joya de Cerén","href":"/el-salvador/joya-de-ceren","lat":13.8275,"lon":-89.36917,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"el-salvador","place":"Canton Joya de Cerén, La Libertad","countryName":"El Salvador","ageLabel":"Buried in the seventh century","ageQualifier":"published years from about 600 to about 660","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Maya farming village sealed by the ash of Loma Caldera, with houses, a sweat bath, and manioc fields left in place, and no bodies found.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ES_Joya_Ceren_05_2012_Estructura_9_Area_2_Tamazcal_wide_angle_1479.JPG/1280px-ES_Joya_Ceren_05_2012_Estructura_9_Area_2_Tamazcal_wide_angle_1479.JPG","alt":"An excavated earthen room under a modern metal roof, with a small central structure and layered ash in the trench walls.","author":"Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ES_Joya_Ceren_05_2012_Estructura_9_Area_2_Tamazcal_wide_angle_1479.JPG"}},{"id":"kaali-craters","title":"Kaali craters","href":"/estonia/kaali-craters","lat":58.372778,"lon":22.669444,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"estonia","place":"Kaali, Saaremaa","countryName":"Estonia","ageLabel":"Shortly after 1530 to 1450 BCE","ageQualifier":"other clocks still print 400 BCE and 6400 BCE","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Nine meteorite craters on Saaremaa, with impact ages that disagree by thousands of years, and a falling spark in the Kalevala that may remember one of them.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Kaali_impact_crater.jpg/1280px-Kaali_impact_crater.jpg","alt":"A round green pond in a wooded hollow, with a path along the grassy rim.","author":"Erik Abner","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaali_impact_crater.jpg"}},{"id":"kaimanawa-wall","title":"Kaimanawa Wall","href":"/new-zealand/kaimanawa-wall","lat":-38.94882,"lon":176.18745,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"new-zealand","place":"Clements Mill Road, Kaimanawa Forest Park","countryName":"New Zealand","ageLabel":"Ignimbrite about 330,000 years old","ageQualifier":"the age of the rock, not of a building","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A jointed ignimbrite face near Taupō that reads, at a glance, as a fitted stone wall.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Kaimanawa_wall.jpg/1280px-Kaimanawa_wall.jpg","alt":"A mossy rock face broken into large rectangular blocks beside a dirt path.","author":"Xcglxdg5uj","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaimanawa_wall.jpg"}},{"id":"kalambo-falls","title":"Kalambo Falls","href":"/zambia/kalambo-falls","lat":-8.5974,"lon":31.2396,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"zambia","place":"Kalambo River, near Mbala","countryName":"Zambia","ageLabel":"At least 476,000 ± 23,000 years","ageQualifier":"the date is the sand that buried the logs","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Two notched logs, locked together, from sands at least 476,000 years old, with wooden tools in younger layers above them.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/evidence/kalambo-join-fig3.png","alt":"A plan of two crossing logs beside a photograph of the same dark logs in a sandy trench, with a ranging rod.","author":"Barham, Duller, Candy and colleagues","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06557-9"}},{"id":"kamyana-mohyla","title":"Kamyana Mohyla","href":"/ukraine/kamyana-mohyla","lat":46.95,"lon":35.47,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ukraine","place":"Molochna River, near Terpinnia","countryName":"Ukraine","ageLabel":"Cave images from the Mesolithic into the Middle Ages","ageQualifier":"the walls are harder to date than the camps","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A sandstone hill of caves and petroglyphs by the Molochna, with dates on nearby camps and a long argument about how old the pictures are.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96.jpg","alt":"An aerial view of a low hill of jumbled sandstone blocks in grassland, with paths around the edge.","author":"Eldar Sarakhman","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96.jpg"}},{"id":"kastelli","title":"Kastelli Giant’s Church","href":"/finland/kastelli","lat":64.6313,"lon":24.71133,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"finland","place":"Pattijoki, Raahe, Ostrobothnia","countryName":"Finland","ageLabel":"About 2500 to 2000 BC, by the ancient shore","ageQualifier":"shoreline dating, not a hearth","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The largest of the Bothnian stone enclosures, dated by how far the rising coast has left it inland, with gates measured against the sun and no agreed use.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Kastellin_Jatinkirkko_20090627.JPG/1280px-Kastellin_Jatinkirkko_20090627.JPG","alt":"A low broad bank of grey stones under tall pines, the wall of a rectangular stone enclosure.","author":"Estormiz","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kastellin_Jatinkirkko_20090627.JPG"}},{"id":"khirokitia","title":"Khirokitia","href":"/cyprus/khirokitia","lat":34.7917,"lon":33.3431,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cyprus","place":"Hill in a bend of the Maroni, Larnaca district","countryName":"Cyprus","ageLabel":"Seventh to fifth millennium BC on the listing","ageQualifier":"a walled village, then an empty page","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A walled village of round stone houses on a Cyprus hill, occupied through the aceramic Neolithic and then abandoned for reasons the listing does not give.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/The_Excavation_at_Choirokoitia_%28I%29_%285076363408%29.jpg","alt":"Circular stone foundations on a dry slope, with trees and a path above the ruins.","author":"Roger Bagnall","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Excavation_at_Choirokoitia_(I)_(5076363408).jpg"}},{"id":"kimberley-rock-paintings","title":"Kimberley rock paintings","href":"/australia/kimberley-rock-paintings","lat":-15.1614,"lon":126.7764,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"australia","place":"Drysdale River National Park, north Kimberley","countryName":"Australia","ageLabel":"A kangaroo about 17,300 years old; Gwion figures around 12,000","ageQualifier":"mud-wasp nests over and under the paint; shelter coordinates withheld","roomStatus":"open","summary":"North Kimberley paintings dated by fossil mud-wasp nests, a kangaroo tightly bracketed and Gwion figures around 12,000 years.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Aboriginal_Rock_Paintings_in_the_Gwion_Gwion_%28Bradshaw%29_style%2C_Mitchell_River_National_Park%2C_Kimberley.png/1280px-Aboriginal_Rock_Paintings_in_the_Gwion_Gwion_%28Bradshaw%29_style%2C_Mitchell_River_National_Park%2C_Kimberley.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Elongated red human figures with headdresses painted on a rock face.","author":"Maclearite","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aboriginal_Rock_Paintings_in_the_Gwion_Gwion_(Bradshaw)_style,_Mitchell_River_National_Park,_Kimberley.png"}},{"id":"kokino","title":"Kokino","href":"/north-macedonia/kokino","lat":42.263,"lon":21.954,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"north-macedonia","place":"Near Staro Nagoričane","countryName":"North Macedonia","ageLabel":"Bronze Age hill, sky date in the 19th century BCE","ageQualifier":"notches read as a calendar","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Bronze Age volcanic hill whose notches are read as a sun and moon calendar, and whose observatory case was not accepted for the World Heritage List.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Megalithische_Sternwarte_Kokino_Gesamtansicht.jpg/1280px-Megalithische_Sternwarte_Kokino_Gesamtansicht.jpg","alt":"A jagged volcanic rock ridge above a snowy slope under a clear blue sky.","author":"Elmie","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Megalithische_Sternwarte_Kokino_Gesamtansicht.jpg"}},{"id":"krzemionki","title":"Krzemionki","href":"/poland/krzemionki","lat":50.9734,"lon":21.4981,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"poland","place":"Kamienna valley, Świętokrzyskie","countryName":"Poland","ageLabel":"About 3900 to 1600 BCE","ageQualifier":"four thousand shafts, one striped stone","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Neolithic and early Bronze Age mines for a zebra-striped flint, with about 4,000 shafts and axes that travelled hundreds of kilometres.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Jeden_z_neolitycznych_szyb%C3%B3w_i_wloty_korytarzy._Krzemionki_Opatowskie.jpg","alt":"Looking down a chalky shaft into a rubble-filled chamber, with dark openings in the wall and a striped pole for scale.","author":"Robert Niedźwiedzki","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jeden_z_neolitycznych_szyb%C3%B3w_i_wloty_korytarzy._Krzemionki_Opatowskie.jpg"}},{"id":"kverkarhellir","title":"Kverkarhellir","href":"/iceland/kverkarhellir","lat":63.60785,"lon":-19.9895,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iceland","place":"Seljaland farm, south Iceland","countryName":"Iceland","ageLabel":"Spoil read as around AD 800","ageQualifier":"under the Landnám ash of AD 871 ± 2","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A man-made cave at Seljaland whose dug-out rubble may lie under the settlement ash of AD 871, set beside a medieval notice that Irish monks had already left the island.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/The_cross_at_Aegissida.jpg/1280px-The_cross_at_Aegissida.jpg","alt":"A cross carved into a rough dark cave wall, the upright longer than the arms, with the ends slightly wider than the shaft.","author":"Raphael1Raphael","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_cross_at_Aegissida.jpg"}},{"id":"la-tolita","title":"La Tolita platinum","href":"/ecuador/la-tolita","lat":1.1955,"lon":-79.0032,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ecuador","place":"La Tolita, Esmeraldas","countryName":"Ecuador","ageLabel":"Platinum worked without a melt","ageQualifier":"sintered grains","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Platinum foil made by heating grains with gold, below platinum's melting point.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Ecuador_Maske_aus_Platin_EthnM.jpg","alt":"A small platinum mask attributed to the La Tolita culture.","author":"FA2010","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ecuador_Maske_aus_Platin_EthnM.jpg"}},{"id":"laetoli","title":"Laetoli footprints","href":"/tanzania/laetoli","lat":-2.9962,"lon":35.3524,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"tanzania","place":"Laetoli, Ngorongoro","countryName":"Tanzania","ageLabel":"3.66 million years","ageQualifier":"the Footprint Tuff, with a second trail found in 2015","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Hominin footprints in volcanic ash at 3.66 million years, a bipedal walk older than Lucy, with a second and larger trail found in 2015.","callout":{"dx":-24,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/NHM_-_Laetoli_Fu%C3%9Fspuren.jpg/1280px-NHM_-_Laetoli_Fu%C3%9Fspuren.jpg","alt":"A grey plaster cast of several footprints pressed into a rough surface.","author":"Wolfgang Sauber","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NHM_-_Laetoli_Fu%C3%9Fspuren.jpg"}},{"id":"lepenski-vir","title":"Lepenski Vir","href":"/serbia/lepenski-vir","lat":44.561111,"lon":22.024167,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"serbia","place":"Iron Gates, Danube","countryName":"Serbia","ageLabel":"Trapezoid houses from about 6170 BCE","ageQualifier":"fish-faced boulders in the same phase","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Trapezoidal houses and fish-human boulder sculptures on the Danube, opposite a mountain of the same shape, with a sunrise reading that two clocks do not share.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Lepenski_Vir_sculptures.jpg/1280px-The_Lepenski_Vir_sculptures.jpg","alt":"Four carved sandstone boulders with faces, set on a museum floor drawn with house outlines.","author":"Beko","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Lepenski_Vir_sculptures.jpg"}},{"id":"los-ajos","title":"Los Ajos","href":"/uruguay/los-ajos","lat":-33.701,"lon":-53.959,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"uruguay","place":"India Muerta wetlands, Rocha","countryName":"Uruguay","ageLabel":"About 4,190 radiocarbon years at the village reading","ageQualifier":"calibrated regional dates sit near 4,800 to 4,600","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Earth mounds in the eastern wetlands, read as a plaza village with early crops around 4,190 radiocarbon years ago, and also as burial mounds of hunter-gatherers.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-14,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Cerritos_de_Indios.jpg","alt":"Low grassy mounds topped with trees, one with a leaning palm, in a fenced green field under a bright sky.","author":"Coquimbo58","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cerritos_de_Indios.jpg"}},{"id":"amazon","title":"Lost Cities of the Amazon","href":"/brazil/amazon","lat":-10.2,"lon":-60.5,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"The Brazilian Amazon, from Acre to the Upper Xingu","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"Earthworks from about 2,500 years ago, towns to about AD 1600","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon and lidar","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The story runs from lidar under the forest to a lost explorer, a colonial manuscript, and the places still only reported.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Fazenda_Colorada_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Geoglyphs at Fazenda Colorada near Rio Branco, Acre, seen from the air.","author":"Sanna Saunaluoma","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fazenda_Colorada_(cropped).jpg"}},{"id":"magura-cave","title":"Magura Cave","href":"/bulgaria/magura-cave","lat":43.7278,"lon":22.5828,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bulgaria","place":"Near Rabisha, Belogradchik","countryName":"Bulgaria","ageLabel":"Copper Age and Bronze Age readings, no single lab year","ageQualifier":"the paint is bat guano, a poor radiocarbon target","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Hundreds of black figures painted in bat guano fill a Bulgarian cave, and a solar-calendar reading depends on which marks are counted.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Magura_cave_023.jpg/1280px-Magura_cave_023.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A cave ceiling crowded with black figures, grids and geometric signs.","author":"Vislupus","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Magura_cave_023.jpg"}},{"id":"malakula-skulls","title":"Malakula shaped skulls","href":"/vanuatu/malakula-skulls","lat":-16.592,"lon":167.474,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"vanuatu","place":"Tomman Island and southwest Malakula","countryName":"Vanuatu","ageLabel":"A living practice into the twentieth century","ageQualifier":"bound in infancy, and a memorial skull","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Infant heads bound for months on southwest Malakula, read as a likeness of a culture hero, a mark of rank and spirit, or a people born looking different.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Elongated_skull_for_memorial_head%2C_face_modelled_in_clay_Wellcome_M0012657.jpg","alt":"A skull in profile on a stand, the vault high and long, the face rebuilt in dark modelled material with fibre at the edge.","author":"Wellcome Collection","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elongated_skull_for_memorial_head,_face_modelled_in_clay_Wellcome_M0012657.jpg"}},{"id":"mangbetu-lipombo","title":"Mangbetu lipombo","href":"/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/mangbetu-lipombo","lat":3.7,"lon":27.87,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"democratic-republic-of-the-congo","place":"Mangbetu country, Haut-Uélé","countryName":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","ageLabel":"Into the early 20th century","ageQualifier":"photographs of the binding","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Lipombo, a shaped head and a fan of hair, still being made when the cameras arrived.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Kazimierz_Zag%C3%B3rski_-_Mangbetu_woman.jpg/1280px-Kazimierz_Zag%C3%B3rski_-_Mangbetu_woman.jpg","alt":"A woman in profile, braids following a high, elongated skull, photographed as a postcard.","author":"Kazimierz Zagórski","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kazimierz_Zag%C3%B3rski_-_Mangbetu_woman.jpg"}},{"id":"marib-dam","title":"Marib Dam","href":"/yemen/marib-dam","lat":15.396389,"lon":45.243611,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"yemen","place":"Wadi Dhana, Marib","countryName":"Yemen","ageLabel":"A long dam, visible work of the 4th to 6th century CE","ageQualifier":"Saba from the 8th century BCE, Sheba unnamed in stone","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The sluices of the Marib Dam, the hydraulic heart of Saba, with an early date that is a sediment sum and a queen the inscriptions do not name.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg/1280px-Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg","alt":"A massive stone sluice of tan blocks in a rocky wadi, with water in the foreground.","author":"H. Grobe","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg"}},{"id":"mohenjo-daro","title":"Mohenjo-daro","href":"/pakistan/mohenjo-daro","lat":27.3292,"lon":68.1389,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"pakistan","place":"Larkana District, Sindh, on the right bank of the Indus","countryName":"Pakistan","ageLabel":"2500–1500 BC","ageQualifier":"the listing’s span for the flourishing city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A baked-brick city on the Indus, with a great bath, covered drains, and a script that still has no agreed reading.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Great_bath_view_Mohenjodaro.JPG/1280px-Great_bath_view_Mohenjodaro.JPG","alt":"A rectangular brick tank seen from above, with steps and side rooms, in a field of ruined walls.","author":"Saqib Qayyum","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Great_bath_view_Mohenjodaro.JPG"}},{"id":"my-son","title":"Mỹ Sơn","href":"/vietnam/my-son","lat":15.763,"lon":108.124,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"vietnam","place":"Duy Xuyen, Quang Nam, in a valley west of the coast","countryName":"Vietnam","ageLabel":"4th–13th centuries","ageQualifier":"Cham brick towers, mostly the later centuries of that span","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The brick tower-temples of Champa in a mountain valley, sacred to Shiva, and badly broken by bombing in 1969.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":12,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/My_Son_Sanctuary_Vietnam_06.jpg/1280px-My_Son_Sanctuary_Vietnam_06.jpg","alt":"Ruined red-brick towers with plants on their roofs, standing in a grassy sanctuary.","author":"Philip Nalangan","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:My_Son_Sanctuary_Vietnam_06.jpg"}},{"id":"namoratunga","title":"Namoratunga II","href":"/kenya/namoratunga","lat":3.422778,"lon":35.802778,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"kenya","place":"Kalokol, west of Lake Turkana","countryName":"Kenya","ageLabel":"About 2400 BC, one eggshell","ageQualifier":"a star calendar was also proposed for about 300 BC","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Nineteen basalt pillars west of Lake Turkana, read as a Cushitic star calendar and also as a herders’ monument some two thousand years older.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Namoratunga_in_Turkana%2C_Kenya.jpg","alt":"Basalt pillars standing and leaning among stones on a dry plain, with acacia trees behind them.","author":"Darouet","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Namoratunga_in_Turkana,_Kenya.jpg"}},{"id":"nan-madol","title":"Nan Madol","href":"/ocean/nan-madol","lat":6.8444,"lon":158.3358,"placement":"ocean","showOnWorld":true,"countrySlug":"micronesia","place":"Off Temwen Island, Pohnpei","countryName":"Micronesia","ageLabel":"Monumental work about 1200 to 1500 CE, with earlier islets","ageQualifier":"basalt, canals, and more than one start","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Artificial islets of columnar basalt on a Pohnpei reef, with canals between the walls and a chronology that starts more than once.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nan_Madol_and_canal.jpg/1280px-Nan_Madol_and_canal.jpg","alt":"A canal beside a wall of stacked basalt logs, with palms behind the wall.","author":"Uhooep","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nan_Madol_and_canal.jpg"}},{"id":"nok-terracottas","title":"Nok terracottas","href":"/nigeria/nok-terracottas","lat":9.5,"lon":8,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"nigeria","place":"the village of Nok, southern Kaduna","countryName":"Nigeria","ageLabel":"Main phase, 9th to 4th century BC","ageQualifier":"iron and the figures arrive together, and the start of that iron is still argued","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Hollow terracotta heads from central Nigeria, and iron smelting that shows up in the same centuries, earlier than an old map of African iron allowed.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Head%2C_Nok_culture%2C_terracotta%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art%2C_8349.1.JPG/1280px-Head%2C_Nok_culture%2C_terracotta%2C_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art%2C_8349.1.JPG","alt":"A terracotta head with a tall coiffure, arched brows, and eyes pierced through the clay.","author":"Hiart","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Head,_Nok_culture,_terracotta,_Honolulu_Museum_of_Art,_8349.1.JPG"}},{"id":"northwest-coast-head-shaping","title":"Northwest Coast head shaping","href":"/canada/northwest-coast-head-shaping","lat":50.583,"lon":-126.926,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"canada","place":"Alert Bay, Kwakwaka'wakw territory","countryName":"Canada","ageLabel":"Into the early 20th century","ageQualifier":"cradles and portraits","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Cradles and portraits from Kwakwaka'wakw territory, and a custom shared on the Columbia River.","callout":{"dx":28,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Cradle%2C_Kwakiutl%2C_collected_in_Alert_Bay_on_Vancouver_Island%2C_acquired_in_1905_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05616.JPG/1280px-Cradle%2C_Kwakiutl%2C_collected_in_Alert_Bay_on_Vancouver_Island%2C_acquired_in_1905_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum%2C_Harvard_University_-_DSC05616.JPG","alt":"A wooden cradle in a museum case, with a padded place for the head and cords run across the bed.","author":"Daderot","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cradle,_Kwakiutl,_collected_in_Alert_Bay_on_Vancouver_Island,_acquired_in_1905_-_Native_American_collection_-_Peabody_Museum,_Harvard_University_-_DSC05616.JPG"}},{"id":"petra","title":"Petra","href":"/jordan/petra","lat":30.3286,"lon":35.4419,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"jordan","place":"The Nabataean capital in the sandstone of Wadi Musa","countryName":"Jordan","ageLabel":"Façades of the first centuries BCE and CE","ageQualifier":"The Treasury cuts earlier graves. The sandstone is older than either.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Rock-cut façades at Petra, including the Treasury and the Monastery, unfinished work that shows the order of cutting, and the dams and channels that kept the city.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Al_Khazneh%2C_Petra.jpg","alt":"The Treasury façade at Petra, a two-storey tomb front cut into a sandstone cliff, with people at the base.","author":"Bernard Gagnon","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Al_Khazneh,_Petra.jpg"}},{"id":"plain-of-jars","title":"Plain of Jars","href":"/laos/plain-of-jars","lat":19.431,"lon":103.1524,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"laos","place":"Site 1, Xieng Khouang","countryName":"Laos","ageLabel":"Jars perhaps set by the late second millennium BCE","ageQualifier":"burials around them are much later","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Hollowed stone jars on a high plain, set long before the burials dug in among them.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/20171115_Plain_of_Jars_-_archaeological_site_number_1_-_Laos_-_2519_DxO.jpg/1280px-20171115_Plain_of_Jars_-_archaeological_site_number_1_-_Laos_-_2519_DxO.jpg","alt":"Large hollowed stone jars standing in grass at Site 1 on the Plain of Jars.","author":"Jakub Hałun","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20171115_Plain_of_Jars_-_archaeological_site_number_1_-_Laos_-_2519_DxO.jpg"}},{"id":"pomier-caves","title":"Pomier paintings","href":"/dominican-republic/pomier-caves","lat":18.4677,"lon":-70.135,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"dominican-republic","place":"El Pomier, San Cristóbal","countryName":"Dominican Republic","ageLabel":"Pre-Hispanic, the count is the dispute","ageQualifier":"Igneri and Taíno are both named","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A limestone reserve of painted caves whose pictures are counted, in print, as more than 6,000 and also as about 1,700.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Cueva_El_Pomier.jpg","alt":"Dark painted human-like figures on a pale cracked cave wall, one with a rayed head, and a zigzag band along the top.","author":"Tom Crawshaw","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cueva_El_Pomier.jpg"}},{"id":"pulemelei-mound","title":"Pulemelei Mound","href":"/samoa/pulemelei-mound","lat":-13.735,"lon":-172.324444,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"samoa","place":"Letolo, Palauli, Savaiʻi","countryName":"Samoa","ageLabel":"First platform about 1100 to 1300 CE","ageQualifier":"raised on a settlement already centuries old","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Polynesia’s largest freestanding stone mound, built in more than one stage, with its purpose and any sky reading still open.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Pulemelei_Mound_%282%29.jpg","alt":"Palm forest running down to a blue coast, seen from a high vantage under overhanging leaves.","author":"Viktor Pinchuk","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pulemelei_Mound_(2).jpg"}},{"id":"puma-punku","title":"Puma Punku","href":"/bolivia/puma-punku","lat":-16.5617,"lon":-68.6796,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bolivia","place":"Tiwanaku","countryName":"Bolivia","ageLabel":"About AD 500 to 1000","ageQualifier":"cut, then left unfinished","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Precisely cut andesite, huge sandstone slabs and metal cramps, and none of it is still in place.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Puma_Punku.jpg/1280px-Puma_Punku.jpg","alt":"Large flat stone slabs in front of cut stone blocks on a grassy plain.","author":"Danielaolivaresdiaz","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puma_Punku.jpg"}},{"id":"richat","title":"Richat Structure","href":"/mauritania/richat","lat":21.124,"lon":-11.402,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mauritania","place":"Adrar plateau, near Ouadane","countryName":"Mauritania","ageLabel":"Cretaceous magmatism, about 100 to 85 million years","ageQualifier":"an eroded dome, or a ringed city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A 40-kilometre dome of concentric rock rings on the Adrar plateau, read as an eroded alkaline complex and as Plato’s ringed island.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Richat_Structure_ISS030-E-12516.jpg","alt":"Concentric rocky rings in a desert, seen from orbit, with a pale patch left of centre and cloud at the edge.","author":"NASA","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Richat_Structure_ISS030-E-12516.jpg"}},{"id":"roopkund","title":"Roopkund","href":"/india/roopkund","lat":30.262,"lon":79.732,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Roopkund, Uttarakhand","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"Two centuries of dead","ageQualifier":"not one storm","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A high lake of skeletons, from two times a thousand years apart, and from more than one ancestry.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-40,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Human_Skeletons_in_Roopkund_Lake.jpg","alt":"Human bones at the edge of Roopkund Lake.","author":"Schwiki","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_Skeletons_in_Roopkund_Lake.jpg"}},{"id":"saimaluu-tash","title":"Saimaluu-Tash","href":"/kyrgyzstan/saimaluu-tash","lat":41.180667,"lon":73.814,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"kyrgyzstan","place":"Fergana range, Toguz-Toro","countryName":"Kyrgyzstan","ageLabel":"Earliest pictures, 3rd to early 2nd millennium BCE","ageQualifier":"a high pass used for millennia","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Thousands of engraved stones in a high valley, with sun-shaped signs and pictures of ploughs that could not have worked at this altitude.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Saimaluu-Tash_petroglyph_12.jpg/1280px-Saimaluu-Tash_petroglyph_12.jpg","alt":"A dark stone pecked with an archer and a human figure beside it.","author":"Lymantria","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saimaluu-Tash_petroglyph_12.jpg"}},{"id":"schoningen-spears","title":"Schöningen spears","href":"/germany/schoningen-spears","lat":52.1372,"lon":10.9883,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"germany","place":"Open-cast mine, Schöningen, Lower Saxony","countryName":"Germany","ageLabel":"About 300,000, or about 200,000","ageQualifier":"the spears were never dated directly until amino acids from the layer itself","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Wooden hunting spears and a horse butchery from a lignite mine, first placed near 400,000 years, then near 300,000, and in 2025 near 200,000.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Sch%C3%B6ningen_Speer_VII_im_Sediment_1997_%C2%A9_P._Pfarr_NLD.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A long dark wooden point lying in grey sediment, with a north arrow and a small find card.","author":"P. Pfarr, NLD","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0 DE","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sch%C3%B6ningen_Speer_VII_im_Sediment_1997_%C2%A9_P._Pfarr_NLD.jpg"}},{"id":"senegambian-stone-circles","title":"Senegambian stone circles","href":"/senegal/senegambian-stone-circles","lat":13.693775,"lon":-15.527545,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"senegal","place":"Sine Ngayène, Kaolack","countryName":"Senegal","ageLabel":"Third century BCE to the 16th century CE","ageQualifier":"a funerary landscape, thinly dated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Laterite pillars in circles between the Gambia and Senegal rivers, a vast cemetery whose builders are unnamed and whose sky use is unmeasured.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Stone_circles_Sine_Ngay%C3%A8ne_TP07.jpg/1280px-Stone_circles_Sine_Ngay%C3%A8ne_TP07.jpg","alt":"Short dark laterite pillars standing in rough circles on a dry plain, with trees beyond.","author":"Tobias 67","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stone_circles_Sine_Ngay%C3%A8ne_TP07.jpg"}},{"id":"shum-laka","title":"Shum Laka","href":"/cameroon/shum-laka","lat":5.8586,"lon":10.0778,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cameroon","place":"Grassfields, near Bamenda","countryName":"Cameroon","ageLabel":"About 30,000 years of layers, burials at about 8,000 and 3,000","ageQualifier":"direct dates on four children","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Grassfields shelter whose buried children, about 8,000 and 3,000 years ago, are not the ancestors of today’s Bantu-speaking populations.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/shum-laka-burials.svg","alt":"A diagram of four dated children at Shum Laka, two near 8,000 years ago and two near 3,000, one of them carrying Y chromosome A00.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1929-1"}},{"id":"sigiriya","title":"Sigiriya","href":"/sri-lanka/sigiriya","lat":7.957,"lon":80.76,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"sri-lanka","place":"Sigiriya","countryName":"Sri Lanka","ageLabel":"Capital of Kassapa I, 477 to 495","ageQualifier":"the garden axis and the zenith sun","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A palace on a granite rock 180 metres up, with gardens on an axis read toward the zenith sunset.","callout":{"dx":-24,"dy":20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sigiriya.jpg/1280px-Sigiriya.jpg","alt":"The granite rock of Sigiriya rising above brick garden walls and a central path.","author":"Bernard Gagnon","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sigiriya.jpg"}},{"id":"sri-ksetra","title":"Sri Ksetra","href":"/myanmar/sri-ksetra","lat":18.80953,"lon":95.28831,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"myanmar","place":"Near Pyay, Bago Region","countryName":"Myanmar","ageLabel":"Pyu cities about 200 BC to AD 900","ageQualifier":"Halin’s sequence may start far earlier","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three brick cities of the Pyu, dated by UNESCO from 200 BC to AD 900, with a new radiocarbon run at Halin that reaches back to the early third millennium BC if it holds.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/20160810_Sri_Ksetra_9216.jpg/1280px-20160810_Sri_Ksetra_9216.jpg","alt":"A brick stupa with a tall spire beyond a pond covered in lotus, with palms and green fields in front.","author":"Jakub Hałun","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20160810_Sri_Ksetra_9216.jpg"}},{"id":"stonehenge","title":"Stonehenge","href":"/united-kingdom/stonehenge","lat":51.1789,"lon":-1.8262,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-kingdom","place":"Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England","countryName":"United Kingdom","ageLabel":"From about 3000 BC, stones set about 2500 BC","ageQualifier":"The circle was rebuilt for a thousand years. The stones came from three distant regions.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Stonehenge is a ring of dressed sarsens and Welsh bluestones, with a central slab now traced to the far north of Scotland.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":44,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Stonehenge_Total.jpg/1280px-Stonehenge_Total.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The circle from the ground on a bright day.","author":"Stefan Kühn","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stonehenge_Total.jpg"}},{"id":"sumer","title":"Sumer: the First Cities","href":"/iraq/sumer","lat":31.15,"lon":45.95,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iraq","place":"Dhi Qar and Muthanna, southern Iraq","countryName":"Iraq","ageLabel":"About 5400 to 2000 BC","ageQualifier":"Eridu, Uruk, Ur and their tablets","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Where the Sumerians said kingship came down from heaven: the first temples, cities, and writing. On the prism, eight kings before the flood are given 241,200 years, and Alulim of Eridu alone is given 28,800.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Great_Ziggurat_of_Ur.JPG/1280px-Great_Ziggurat_of_Ur.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The stepped brick Ziggurat of Ur under a blue sky.","author":"Defense Dept. photo by Cherie A. Thurlby","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Ziggurat_of_Ur.JPG"}},{"id":"tadrart-acacus","title":"Tadrart Acacus","href":"/libya/tadrart-acacus","lat":24.833,"lon":10.333,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"libya","place":"Tadrart Acacus massif, southwest Libya","countryName":"Libya","ageLabel":"Listing span 12,000 BC to 100 CE","ageQualifier":"a long chronology and a short one","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Thousands of paintings and engravings in a Saharan massif, dated by the listing from 12,000 BC to 100 CE and by a short chronology to a much later start.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Libya_4924_Pictograms_Tadrart_Acacus_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg","alt":"Red-brown painted human figures and a horned animal on a sloping sandstone shelter wall.","author":"Luca Galuzzi","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Libya_4924_Pictograms_Tadrart_Acacus_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg"}},{"id":"tassili-najjer","title":"Tassili n'Ajjer","href":"/algeria/tassili-najjer","lat":25.5,"lon":9,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"algeria","place":"Tassili n'Ajjer plateau","countryName":"Algeria","ageLabel":"An order by overlap, not a paint date","ageQualifier":"round-head figures under cattle; years are not on the pigment","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Round-head figures, cattle, horses and camels on a Saharan plateau, stacked by overlap while the years stay unmeasured.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Grand_dieu_du_Sefar_01.jpg/1280px-Grand_dieu_du_Sefar_01.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A large outlined human figure with raised arms beside a horned animal, on a shelter wall.","author":"IssamBarhoumi","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_dieu_du_Sefar_01.jpg"}},{"id":"teotihuacan","title":"Teotihuacan","href":"/mexico/teotihuacan","lat":19.6925,"lon":-98.8438,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"The basin northeast of Mexico City","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"A tunnel closed about 1,800 years ago","ageQualifier":"The city is older. The corridor is one dated act.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A city with no king-list we can read, and under the Feathered Serpent a rock-cut corridor 102.43 metres long, with mercury and a mineral sky.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Teotihuac%C3%A1n%2C_M%C3%A9xico%2C_2013-10-13%2C_DD_82.JPG","alt":"The stair of the Temple of the Feathered Serpent at Teotihuacan, with serpent heads along the balustrades.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Teotihuac%C3%A1n,_M%C3%A9xico,_2013-10-13,_DD_82.JPG"}},{"id":"bada-megaliths","title":"The Bada stones","href":"/indonesia/bada-megaliths","lat":-1.8596,"lon":120.2549,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"indonesia","place":"Bada Valley, Central Sulawesi","countryName":"Indonesia","ageLabel":"Statues and stone vats","ageQualifier":"age and purpose unsettled","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Carved human stones and burial vats in the Lore valleys, and still without one date.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Patung_Palindo_Lembah_Bada_Taman_Nasional_Lore_Lindu.jpg/1280px-Patung_Palindo_Lembah_Bada_Taman_Nasional_Lore_Lindu.jpg","alt":"The carved stone figure Palindo standing in the Bada Valley.","author":"Lo2asinamura","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patung_Palindo_Lembah_Bada_Taman_Nasional_Lore_Lindu.jpg"}},{"id":"casarabe","title":"The Casarabe centres","href":"/bolivia/casarabe","lat":-14.8706,"lon":-64.4802,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bolivia","place":"Casarabe, Beni","countryName":"Bolivia","ageLabel":"About AD 500 to 1400","ageQualifier":"lidar, and dark earth","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Two huge earthwork towns in the Bolivian Amazon, with pyramids, causeways and canals, were found by laser from the air.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/evidence/casarabe-cotoca-lidar.jpg","alt":"A lidar terrain map of a large earthwork site, with height profiles beside it.","author":"Prümers, Betancourt, Iriarte, Robinson and Schaich, Nature 2022, figure 2","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04780-4"}},{"id":"divje-babe","title":"The Divje Babe bone","href":"/slovenia/divje-babe","lat":46.1128,"lon":13.9153,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"slovenia","place":"Divje Babe I, near Cerkno","countryName":"Slovenia","ageLabel":"About 60,000 to 50,000 years, in the museum account","ageQualifier":"a bear bone with holes, flute or teeth","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A cave-bear femur with holes, found in 1995 beside a hearth, read as a Neanderthal flute and as a carnivore bite.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Divje_Babe_flute.jpg/1280px-Divje_Babe_flute.jpg","alt":"A yellow-brown broken bone shaft on a mount, with two round holes in a line and both ends shattered.","author":"Thilo Parg","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Divje_Babe_flute.jpg"}},{"id":"hunebedden","title":"The hunebedden","href":"/netherlands/hunebedden","lat":52.93001,"lon":6.79744,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"netherlands","place":"Borger, on the Hondsrug, Drenthe","countryName":"Netherlands","ageLabel":"Tomb building about 3400 to 2750 BC","ageQualifier":"two published brackets for the same culture","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Dolmen chambers on the Hondsrug, built of boulders the ice had already dropped, with an east-west plan whose sky reading is still a spread of possibilities.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hunebed_D27_in_Borger_flickr.jpg/1280px-Hunebed_D27_in_Borger_flickr.jpg","alt":"A long megalithic chamber of grey boulders under trees, capstones resting on uprights, with one loose stone in the foreground.","author":"Minko Soomers","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hunebed_D27_in_Borger_flickr.jpg"}},{"id":"ishango-bone","title":"The Ishango bone","href":"/belgium/ishango-bone","lat":50.8365,"lon":4.3766,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"belgium","place":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels","countryName":"Belgium","ageLabel":"About 25,000 to 16,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"found at Ishango, on the Semliki, now in Brussels","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A baboon fibula with 168 notches in three columns, found in Congo and kept in Brussels, read as arithmetic, as a lunar count, or as a tally.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ishango_bone.jpg/1280px-Ishango_bone.jpg","alt":"A long brown bone on a metal pin in a glass case, one face covered in grouped horizontal notches.","author":"JhowieNitnek","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ishango_bone.jpg"}},{"id":"kintampo","title":"The Kintampo tradition","href":"/ghana/kintampo","lat":8.0167,"lon":-1.75,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ghana","place":"Kintampo rock shelters, Bono East","countryName":"Ghana","ageLabel":"About 3600 to 3200 BP in the review","ageQualifier":"millet dates are uncalibrated and separate","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The first food production, villages, and figurative objects in Ghana’s forest edge, still argued as a local invention or an arrival from outside.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/kintampo-dates.svg","alt":"A diagram with the Kintampo review span of about 3600 to 3200 BP, and two uncalibrated millet dates from Birimi.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270X.2010.491361"}},{"id":"xian-pyramids","title":"The Pyramids of Xi'an","href":"/china/xian-pyramids","lat":34.36,"lon":108.9,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Xianyang and Lintong, near Xi'an, Shaanxi","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"3rd century BC to 1st century AD","ageQualifier":"imperial tomb mounds","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Flat-topped earth pyramids over emperors, an unopened tomb, and a wartime story of a white pyramid.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":-34,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Han_Wudi_Tomb.jpg/1280px-Han_Wudi_Tomb.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Maoling, the tomb mound of Emperor Wu of Han, rising over the fields west of Xi'an.","author":"Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D.","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Han_Wudi_Tomb.jpg"}},{"id":"shigir-idol","title":"The Shigir Idol","href":"/russia/shigir-idol","lat":56.8389,"lon":60.6057,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, Yekaterinburg","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"About 10,100 BC, about 9600 BC, or later","ageQualifier":"three published dates for the carving","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A larch figure more than five metres tall. The 2018 paper reads about 9600 BC as contemporaneous with the pillars at Göbekli Tepe. The 2021 paper reads about 10,100 BC as earlier. The review On the Date of the Great Shigir Idol argues a later date from the peat and the regional archaeology.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shigir_Idol_%28May_2024%29_-_1.jpg/1280px-Shigir_Idol_%28May_2024%29_-_1.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A tall dark wooden figure with a carved head in a glass case.","author":"Vyacheslav Bukharov","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shigir_Idol_(May_2024)_-_1.jpg"}},{"id":"sigatoka-dunes","title":"The Sigatoka dunes","href":"/fiji/sigatoka-dunes","lat":-18.17,"lon":177.4889,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"fiji","place":"Mouth of the Sigatoka River, Viti Levu","countryName":"Fiji","ageLabel":"About 2600 to 1300 years ago, in phases","ageQualifier":"a three-level model that was challenged","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Fiji’s eroding dune site, with late Lapita pots buried quickly about 2,600 years ago, and a three-phase story that a later study both attacked and defended.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sigatoka_Sand_Dunes_National_Park_%287%29.jpg/1280px-Sigatoka_Sand_Dunes_National_Park_%287%29.jpg","alt":"A pale sand track between low dunes, footprints in the sand, and green scrub on the dune crest under a blue sky.","author":"Radosław Botev","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/pl/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sigatoka_Sand_Dunes_National_Park_(7).jpg"}},{"id":"mustang-caves","title":"The sky caves of Mustang","href":"/nepal/mustang-caves","lat":29.23103,"lon":83.97712,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"nepal","place":"Chhoser, Upper Mustang","countryName":"Nepal","ageLabel":"Burials about 200 to 700 CE, caves possibly much older","ageQualifier":"few caves dug, many still closed","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Chambers cut high in the cliffs of Upper Mustang, some of them tombs with gold masks, and a sky-burial reading that borrows a living Himalayan rite for bones two millennia old.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Chhoser_Cave_Area.jpg/1280px-Chhoser_Cave_Area.jpg","alt":"A banded sandstone cliff full of dark cave mouths, with stone-walled fields and bare trees at its foot under a blue sky.","author":"Nishan Hitang","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chhoser_Cave_Area.jpg"}},{"id":"aksum","title":"The stelae of Aksum","href":"/ethiopia/aksum","lat":14.131,"lon":38.719,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ethiopia","place":"The northern stelae field, Aksum","countryName":"Ethiopia","ageLabel":"3rd to 4th century stelae","ageQualifier":"Some 33 metres fallen. The largest standing is over 23 metres, carved as nine storeys. No weight is adopted.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A fallen stele of some 33 metres, and a standing one over 23 metres carved as a nine-storey building, with tombs and Ezana's stone beside them.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Obelisk_of_Aksum_Remains3.jpg","alt":"The broken remains of the great stele lying in the field at Aksum.","author":"Allamiro","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Obelisk_of_Aksum_Remains3.jpg"}},{"id":"teshik-tash","title":"The Teshik-Tash child","href":"/uzbekistan/teshik-tash","lat":38.374,"lon":67.199,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"uzbekistan","place":"Zautolosh gorge, Baysun-Tau","countryName":"Uzbekistan","ageLabel":"Middle Paleolithic, no radiocarbon age","ageQualifier":"tools and a DNA placement, not a calendar year","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A child’s skeleton in a Central Asian cave, ringed in the dig report by ibex horns, and later shown by mitochondrial DNA to be a Neanderthal.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Skull_of_Teshik-Tash_Boy.jpg/1280px-Skull_of_Teshik-Tash_Boy.jpg","alt":"A reconstructed skull face-on, cracks across the forehead, large eye sockets, a broad nasal opening, and teeth in both jaws.","author":"Stanislav Kozlovskiy","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_of_Teshik-Tash_Boy.jpg"}},{"id":"al-ayn-tombs","title":"The tombs of Al-Ayn","href":"/oman/al-ayn-tombs","lat":23.2163,"lon":56.9622,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"oman","place":"Al-Ayn, near Ibri","countryName":"Oman","ageLabel":"Hafit period, about 3100 to 2700 BC","ageQualifier":"beehive tombs on a ridge","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A line of stone beehive tombs above Wadi Al-Ayn, part of the Bat world of towers whose use is still unnamed, with one excavated door facing south and the row itself following the ridge.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Al_Ayn%2C_tombs_%286871088461%29.jpg/1280px-Al_Ayn%2C_tombs_%286871088461%29.jpg","alt":"Three beehive-shaped stone tombs on a rocky slope, with a huge flat-topped mountain behind them.","author":"Arian Zwegers","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Al_Ayn,_tombs_(6871088461).jpg"}},{"id":"trilithon","title":"The trilithon","href":"/lebanon/trilithon","lat":34.0069,"lon":36.2039,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"lebanon","place":"Temple of Jupiter","countryName":"Lebanon","ageLabel":"Roman imperial work","ageQualifier":"the course is the question","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three stones, each 19 metres long and around 800 tons, set into a temple podium.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Temple_of_Jupiter%2C_West_wall%2C_Trilithon%2C_Baalbek_20572.JPG/1280px-Temple_of_Jupiter%2C_West_wall%2C_Trilithon%2C_Baalbek_20572.JPG","alt":"A massive stone wall with wooden scaffolding against it.","author":"Lodo27","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Temple_of_Jupiter,_West_wall,_Trilithon,_Baalbek_20572.JPG"}},{"id":"dolni-vestonice","title":"The Venus of Dolní Věstonice","href":"/czech-republic/dolni-vestonice","lat":48.88817,"lon":16.64449,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"czech-republic","place":"Dolní Věstonice, South Moravia","countryName":"Czech Republic","ageLabel":"Upper layer about 25,950 radiocarbon years","ageQualifier":"fired loess, not a date on the clay itself","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A fired-clay woman’s figure from a Gravettian camp, among thousands of ceramic pieces made more than 15,000 years before pots, and a fight over whether the fire was meant to keep them or to break them.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":-26,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Vestonicka_venuse.jpg/1280px-Vestonicka_venuse.jpg","alt":"A dark ceramic female figurine with a featureless head, heavy breasts and hips, and a crack splitting the legs, held on a museum stand.","author":"Petr Novák","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vestonicka_venuse.jpg"}},{"id":"vucedol","title":"The Vučedol bird","href":"/croatia/vucedol","lat":45.3372,"lon":19.0558,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"croatia","place":"Vučedol, near Vukovar","countryName":"Croatia","ageLabel":"Later Copper Age, the pot about 2600 BC in the reading","ageQualifier":"a bird vessel, and a star calendar read onto another pot","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A three-legged bird vessel from the 1938 dig at Vučedol, and a Vinkovci pot whose marks are read as Orion and the four seasons.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Vucedol_Culture_ceramic_dove_maximized.jpg","alt":"A brown ceramic bird with a long neck, incised zigzags and wavy bands on the body, and three legs visible.","author":"LZMK","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vucedol_Culture_ceramic_dove_maximized.jpg"}},{"id":"tikal","title":"Tikal","href":"/guatemala/tikal","lat":17.222,"lon":-89.6237,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"guatemala","place":"Tikal National Park, Petén","countryName":"Guatemala","ageLabel":"About 800 BC to AD 900","ageQualifier":"Maya city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The great Maya city of the Petén, temples breaking the forest canopy, and the laser survey that found a whole landscape around them.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG/1280px-Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A steep stepped pyramid of stone, a temple and roof comb on top, above a grassy plaza.","author":"Raymond Ostertag","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG"}},{"id":"trundholm-sun-chariot","title":"Trundholm sun chariot","href":"/denmark/trundholm-sun-chariot","lat":55.917,"lon":11.617,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"denmark","place":"Trundholm bog, Odsherred, Zealand","countryName":"Denmark","ageLabel":"About 1400 BC","ageQualifier":"Nordic Bronze Age, with a day side, a night side, and a counted calendar","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A bronze horse drawing a gold-and-bronze sun disc, day side and night side, with spiral counts that have been read as a calendar.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-30,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Solvognen_DO-6865_2000.jpg/1280px-Solvognen_DO-6865_2000.jpg","alt":"A bronze horse on spoked wheels pulling a large disc covered in cracked gold leaf.","author":"National Museum of Denmark, John Lee","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solvognen_DO-6865_2000.jpg"}},{"id":"tsodilo","title":"Tsodilo","href":"/botswana/tsodilo","lat":-18.77167,"lon":21.75417,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"botswana","place":"Tsodilo Hills, Ngamiland","countryName":"Botswana","ageLabel":"A record of at least 100,000 years","ageQualifier":"paintings undated, cave rite not one century","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Quartzite hills with thousands of paintings and a Middle Stone Age cave where finished spearpoints were burned or smashed under a rock carved with hundreds of cupules.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tsodilo_Hills%2C_Botswana_%282625371308%29.jpg/1280px-Tsodilo_Hills%2C_Botswana_%282625371308%29.jpg","alt":"A long quartzite hill rising out of scrub and pale grass under a blue sky.","author":"Joachim Huber","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsodilo_Hills,_Botswana_(2625371308).jpg"}},{"id":"ushtogay-square","title":"Ushtogay Square","href":"/kazakhstan/ushtogay-square","lat":50.832933,"lon":65.326276,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"kazakhstan","place":"near Ushtogay, Kostanay Region","countryName":"Kazakhstan","ageLabel":"Disputed, late Bronze Age to a possible 8,000 years","ageQualifier":"one mound was empty, and a solstice reading has no published azimuth","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A square of 101 mounds in the Turgai steppe, 287 metres on a side, with a proposed winter-solstice sight and two dates that do not agree.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Ushtogay_Square_1968.png","alt":"A grainy satellite view of a square of small mounds with two diagonals crossing in the middle.","author":"Unknown photographer","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ushtogay_Square_1968.png"}},{"id":"venus-of-willendorf","title":"Venus of Willendorf","href":"/austria/venus-of-willendorf","lat":48.322776,"lon":15.40487,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"austria","place":"Willendorf II, Wachau","countryName":"Austria","ageLabel":"About 30,000 years","ageQualifier":"oolite from far outside the Wachau","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A limestone figure 11 centimetres high, from a Gravettian layer on the Danube, carved in oolite that matches a stone south of the Alps.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg/1280px-Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg","alt":"A small limestone figure of a person with a textured head, large breasts, and bent arms, on a plain ground.","author":"Matthias Kabel","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg"}},{"id":"visoko-hills","title":"Visoko hills","href":"/bosnia-and-herzegovina/visoko-hills","lat":43.9768,"lon":18.1769,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bosnia-and-herzegovina","place":"Visoko, above the Bosna valley","countryName":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","ageLabel":"Upper Miocene beds, and a proposed age near 12,500 years","ageQualifier":"tilted rock, or a building","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Pointed hills of sandstone and conglomerate above Visoko, read as pyramids and as flatirons worn from tilted Miocene beds.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Viso%C4%8Dica_hill_from_the_road.jpg","alt":"A forested hill with a pointed crest above green fields and a village of red roofs.","author":"Mhare","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Viso%C4%8Dica_hill_from_the_road.jpg"}},{"id":"wari-bateshwar","title":"Wari-Bateshwar","href":"/bangladesh/wari-bateshwar","lat":24.0929,"lon":90.8255,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bangladesh","place":"Narsingdi, on the old Brahmaputra","countryName":"Bangladesh","ageLabel":"Mainly fourth to first century BC","ageQualifier":"an earlier pit with no date","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A fortified early town on an old river, with silver punch-marked coins and rice dated to the fourth through first centuries BC, and a port claim the coins are asked to carry.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wari-Bateshwar_Museum%2C_Narsingdi%2C_Bangladesh_06.jpg/1280px-Wari-Bateshwar_Museum%2C_Narsingdi%2C_Bangladesh_06.jpg","alt":"A roofed pit behind a metal fence, holes in a sandy floor, and a row of pots along the near edge.","author":"Redmin","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wari-Bateshwar_Museum,_Narsingdi,_Bangladesh_06.jpg"}},{"id":"western-wall","title":"Western Wall","href":"/israel/western-wall","lat":31.7767,"lon":35.195,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"israel","place":"Jerusalem","countryName":"Israel","ageLabel":"Late Second Temple","ageQualifier":"the largest block is the question","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Herodian ashlars in Jerusalem, one of them among the heaviest stones ever set in a wall.","callout":{"dx":-28,"dy":-36,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Western_wall_and_its_square%2C_jerusalem.jpg/1280px-Western_wall_and_its_square%2C_jerusalem.jpg","alt":"A long stone wall beside a wide plaza, with a golden dome on the platform above.","author":"Someone35","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Western_wall_and_its_square,_jerusalem.jpg"}},{"id":"white-sands","title":"White Sands footprints","href":"/united-states/white-sands","lat":32.9,"lon":-106.3,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"White Sands National Park, New Mexico","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"About 21,000 to 23,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"the seeds are the argument","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Human tracks cross a dried lake bed, dated with aquatic seeds and then checked against pollen and luminescence.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Human_fossil_tracks_at_White_Sands_New_Mexico.jpg","alt":"Several bare human footprints pressed down into pale, crusted sediment.","author":"U.S. Geological Survey","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_fossil_tracks_at_White_Sands_New_Mexico.jpg"}},{"id":"zvejnieki","title":"Zvejnieki","href":"/latvia/zvejnieki","lat":57.776,"lon":25.226,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"latvia","place":"Lake Burtnieks, northern Latvia","countryName":"Latvia","ageLabel":"Late eighth to third millennium BC","ageQualifier":"figurine graves in the sixth to fourth, dates that can sit too old","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Stone Age cemetery used for millennia, with animal and human figurines in eleven graves, and bone dates that freshwater can push almost a thousand years early.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/zvejnieki-span.svg","alt":"A diagram of the Zvejnieki cemetery span from the late eighth millennium BC, and a shorter bar for eleven figurine graves.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v25i0.1833"}},{"id":"ain-ghazal","title":"Ain Ghazal statues","href":"/jordan/ain-ghazal","lat":31.988,"lon":35.976,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"jordan","place":"Ain Ghazal, eastern Amman","countryName":"Jordan","ageLabel":"Two caches, uncalibrated charcoal near 6750 and 6570 BC","ageQualifier":"ancestors, or figures made to be buried","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Lime-plaster people from two pits at Ain Ghazal, some with two heads, buried rather than left on show.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ain_Ghazal_statue_frontal.jpg/1280px-Ain_Ghazal_statue_frontal.jpg","alt":"A cracked white plaster face with large outlined eyes, a long nose, and a small mouth.","author":"ALFGRN","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ain_Ghazal_statue_frontal.jpg"}},{"id":"almendres","title":"Almendres Cromlech","href":"/portugal/almendres","lat":38.55749,"lon":-8.061187,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"portugal","place":"near Évora, Alentejo","countryName":"Portugal","ageLabel":"Neolithic, in more than one phase","ageQualifier":"an equinox sight on an eastward slope","roomStatus":"open","summary":"About 95 granite menhirs in oval enclosures near Évora, with a published equinox sight and more than one building phase.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cromeleque_dos_Almendres_-_Southeast_-_1.jpg/1280px-Cromeleque_dos_Almendres_-_Southeast_-_1.jpg","alt":"A wide view of many rounded granite standing stones on bare ground, with oaks behind them under a clear sky.","author":"Ingo Mehling","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cromeleque_dos_Almendres_-_Southeast_-_1.jpg"}},{"id":"antequera","title":"Antequera","href":"/spain/antequera","lat":37.0247,"lon":-4.5469,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"spain","place":"Antequera, Málaga","countryName":"Spain","ageLabel":"About 3800 to 3000 BC","ageQualifier":"several monuments, several clocks","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three megaliths on one plain, aimed at mountains as well as at the sunrise.","callout":{"dx":-36,"dy":-22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Entrada_del_Dolmen_de_Menga_%28Antequera%29.jpg/1280px-Entrada_del_Dolmen_de_Menga_%28Antequera%29.jpg","alt":"Entrance of the Dolmen of Menga.","author":"José Luis Filpo Cabana","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Entrada_del_Dolmen_de_Menga_(Antequera).jpg"}},{"id":"araisi","title":"Āraiši","href":"/latvia/araisi","lat":57.251944,"lon":25.282778,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"latvia","place":"Lake Āraiši","countryName":"Latvia","ageLabel":"Felled in AD 835, in the later match","ageQualifier":"an earlier match gave AD 776 to 780","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A timber fortress on an island in Lake Āraiši, five building phases, a felling year that moved from the 770s to 835, and a reconstruction in new wood.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/%C4%80rai%C5%A1i_lake_dwelling_site_%289%29.jpg","alt":"Horizontal log walls and plank roofs of a timber settlement, with open window holes, under a clear sky.","author":"Egilus","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C4%80rai%C5%A1i_lake_dwelling_site_(9).jpg"}},{"id":"arkaim","title":"Arkaim and the Country of Towns","href":"/russia/arkaim","lat":52.6492,"lon":59.5717,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Arkaim, Chelyabinsk region","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"About 2050 to 1900 BC","ageQualifier":"a walled steppe town","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A round walled town on the Bronze Age steppe, in the country where the first chariots appear.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/1280px-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"An aerial view of two concentric earth rings on the steppe.","author":"Rafikova m","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC_2015_(cropped).jpg"}},{"id":"vizcaino","title":"Arroyo del Vizcaíno","href":"/uruguay/vizcaino","lat":-34.64967,"lon":-56.06497,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"uruguay","place":"Arroyo del Vizcaíno, near Sauce","countryName":"Uruguay","ageLabel":"About 30,000 radiocarbon years","ageQualifier":"cut marks on sloth bones, or marks the stream made","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A bone bed near Sauce, mostly giant sloth, radiocarbon-dated around 30,000 years ago, with marks read as stone-tool cuts and as natural damage in a stream.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Lestodon_skeleton.jpg","alt":"A line drawing of a giant ground-sloth skeleton in side view, standing by a sketched tree.","author":"Rodrigo L. Tomassini, Claudia I. Montalvo, Mariana C. Garrone, Laura Domingo, Jorge Ferigolo, Laura E. Cruz, Dánae Sanz-Pérez, Yolanda Fernández-Jalvo and Ignacio A. Cerda","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lestodon_skeleton.jpg"}},{"id":"atacama-giant","title":"Atacama Giant","href":"/chile/atacama-giant","lat":-19.949,"lon":-69.631,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"chile","place":"Cerro Unita","countryName":"Chile","ageLabel":"About 1000 to 1400 CE, presumed","ageQualifier":"the height and the purpose","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A human figure 86 metres high, and no agreed purpose.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/The_Giant_of_Atacama.jpg/1280px-The_Giant_of_Atacama.jpg","alt":"The Atacama Giant geoglyph on a desert hillside.","author":"Emilio Erazo-Fischer","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Giant_of_Atacama.jpg"}},{"id":"bimini-road","title":"Bimini Road","href":"/ocean/bimini-road","lat":25.767,"lon":-79.279,"placement":"ocean","showOnWorld":true,"countrySlug":null,"place":"Off North Bimini, The Bahamas","countryName":null,"ageLabel":"Beachrock cemented about 2,800 radiocarbon years ago","ageQualifier":"joints, or a pavement","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A straight run of limestone rectangles in shallow water, cored as beachrock and still called a road.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/bimini-blocks.svg","alt":"Diagram of limestone rectangles lined up under shallow water, the shell inside them older than the cement.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200004239"}},{"id":"biskupin","title":"Biskupin","href":"/poland/biskupin","lat":52.7883,"lon":17.7444,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"poland","place":"the peninsula in Lake Biskupin","countryName":"Poland","ageLabel":"Oak felled 747 to 722 BCE","ageQualifier":"more than half of it in the winter of 738/737","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Lusatian timber stronghold whose oak was cut in 747–722 BCE, after decades in which the public date was 550–400.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Biskupin_-_gate_and_wall.jpg/1280px-Biskupin_-_gate_and_wall.jpg","alt":"A reconstructed timber gatehouse and a wall of horizontal logs, with a wooden walkway and a grass bank in front.","author":"Fazer","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biskupin_-_gate_and_wall.jpg"}},{"id":"bluefish-caves","title":"Bluefish Caves","href":"/canada/bluefish-caves","lat":67.15,"lon":-140.75,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"canada","place":"Keele Range, northern Yukon, above the Bluefish River","countryName":"Canada","ageLabel":"about 24,000 years","ageQualifier":"a cut-marked horse jaw, calibrated from 19,650 radiocarbon years","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three small caves in the northern Yukon, where a 2017 restudy of bones from an older dig found cut marks as old as about 24,000 years, and where that early human presence is still argued.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":10,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/bluefish-dates.svg","alt":"A diagram of the radiocarbon age and the calibrated age for the oldest cut-marked bone from Bluefish Caves.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169486"}},{"id":"byblos","title":"Byblos","href":"/lebanon/byblos","lat":34.1194,"lon":35.6464,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"lebanon","place":"Byblos (Jbeil)","countryName":"Lebanon","ageLabel":"About 8800 BC to today","ageQualifier":"one of the oldest towns on earth","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A town lived in for about 7,000 years, whose name became the Greek word for book.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/ByblosObeliskTemple.jpg/1280px-ByblosObeliskTemple.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Standing stone obelisks in a ruined stone court.","author":"Heretiq","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ByblosObeliskTemple.jpg"}},{"id":"caral","title":"Caral","href":"/peru/caral","lat":-10.8939,"lon":-77.5211,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"A desert terrace above the Supe River","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"3000 to 1800 BCE","ageQualifier":"Radiocarbon of the city, not one foundation trench.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A city of stone and earth pyramids on the Supe, radiocarbon-dated to 3000–1800 BCE, with a quipu and no pottery.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Caral-Supe_%2816%29.jpg","alt":"Sunken circular courts at Caral, low curved stone walls on the desert terrace.","author":"Luz Maria Linarez Huacausi","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caral-Supe_(16).jpg"}},{"id":"carthage-tophet","title":"Carthage tophet","href":"/tunisia/carthage-tophet","lat":36.8415,"lon":10.3231,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"tunisia","place":"Salammbô, Carthage","countryName":"Tunisia","ageLabel":"About the 8th century BCE to 146 BCE","ageQualifier":"the urns are dated; the cause of death is not","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A precinct of urns with cremated infants and animals, dedicated to Tanit and Baal Hammon, read as sacrifice and as a cemetery for the very young.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Tophet_Carthage.2.jpg","alt":"A weathered limestone stele carved in relief with a triangle on a bar, a disc above it, and a crescent over the disc.","author":"Michel-georges bernard","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tophet_Carthage.2.jpg"}},{"id":"roi-mata","title":"Chief Roi Mata’s Domain","href":"/vanuatu/roi-mata","lat":-17.617,"lon":168.2,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"vanuatu","place":"Artok, Lelepa, and Mangaas on Efate","countryName":"Vanuatu","ageLabel":"A life around 1600 CE, from the archaeology","ageQualifier":"a mass burial on Artok, and a name from oral history","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three places on Efate, Lelepa and Artok tied to the last Roi Mata, whose life the World Heritage evaluation puts around 1600 CE.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Lelepa_cliffs%2C_Vanuatu%2C_2006_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg/1280px-Lelepa_cliffs%2C_Vanuatu%2C_2006_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg","alt":"A pale pitted cliff above a path, with trees and the sea to the right.","author":"Phillip Capper","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lelepa_cliffs,_Vanuatu,_2006_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg"}},{"id":"cihuatan","title":"Cihuatán","href":"/el-salvador/cihuatan","lat":13.981,"lon":-89.165,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"el-salvador","place":"Aguilares, valley of the Acelhuate","countryName":"El Salvador","ageLabel":"About 900 to 1100 CE, or to about 1200","ageQualifier":"a burned city, and a Pipil name that may be later","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A three-square-kilometre city north of San Salvador, founded near 900–950 CE and burned, with arrow points in the debris. One reading ends it by about 1100 and denies it was Pipil. Another carries a Mexican identity later.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Piramide_Cihuatan.jpg/1280px-Piramide_Cihuatan.jpg","alt":"A grass-covered pyramid with a stone staircase under a bright sky and trees.","author":"Elmer Guevara","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Piramide_Cihuatan.jpg"}},{"id":"cochasqui","title":"Cochasqui","href":"/ecuador/cochasqui","lat":0.0547,"lon":-78.3044,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ecuador","place":"Tocachi, Pichincha","countryName":"Ecuador","ageLabel":"Truncated pyramids and ramps","ageQualifier":"a sky reading, not an angle","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Fifteen earth pyramids, nine with ramps, and an unmeasured sky hypothesis.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Cochasqu%C3%AD_Pyramids_8-9_seen_from_the_south.jpg/1280px-Cochasqu%C3%AD_Pyramids_8-9_seen_from_the_south.jpg","alt":"Two grass-covered earthen pyramids at Cochasquí, seen from the south.","author":"Ymblanter","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cochasqu%C3%AD_Pyramids_8-9_seen_from_the_south.jpg"}},{"id":"copan","title":"Copán","href":"/honduras/copan","lat":14.838,"lon":-89.142,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"honduras","place":"Copán Ruinas, the Copán valley","countryName":"Honduras","ageLabel":"A dynasty from 427 CE","ageQualifier":"the founder’s home is the argument","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Classic Maya capital with a dynastic founder in 427 CE, Teotihuacan-style regalia, and isotopes that point to the Maya lowlands instead.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-34,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Stela_M_and_the_Hieroglyphic_Stairway_on_the_archeological_site_of_Cop%C3%A1n%2C_a_mayan_city.jpg/1280px-Stela_M_and_the_Hieroglyphic_Stairway_on_the_archeological_site_of_Cop%C3%A1n%2C_a_mayan_city.jpg","alt":"A carved stone figure standing under a white canopy, with a steep stair of glyph-covered blocks rising behind it.","author":"Peter Andersen","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stela_M_and_the_Hieroglyphic_Stairway_on_the_archeological_site_of_Cop%C3%A1n,_a_mayan_city.jpg"}},{"id":"cuicuilco","title":"Cuicuilco","href":"/mexico/cuicuilco","lat":19.3014,"lon":-99.1817,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"The south of the Valley of Mexico","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"A round pyramid, then lava","ageQualifier":"The institute's year and a calibrated radiocarbon date meet in the third century. A magnetic study places the lava earlier.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A truncated cone of about 110 metres across and 25 metres high, partly under the lava of Xitle.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-32,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Cuicuilco_Piramide.jpg","alt":"The round pyramid of Cuicuilco, a stone-faced cone rising from the lava plain.","author":"Haakon S. Krohn","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cuicuilco_Piramide.jpg"}},{"id":"derinkuyu","title":"Derinkuyu","href":"/turkey/derinkuyu","lat":38.3735,"lon":34.7351,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Nevşehir, Cappadocia","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"Multi-period","ageQualifier":"origins debated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A deep cut city in Cappadocian tuff.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":-120,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rolling%20stone%20door%20Derinkuyu.jpg?width=1280","alt":"A round stone door in a passage at Derinkuyu, made to close from the inside.","author":"Wolfgang Moroder","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rolling_stone_door_Derinkuyu.jpg"}},{"id":"dhar-tichitt","title":"Dhar Tichitt","href":"/mauritania/dhar-tichitt","lat":18.44406,"lon":-9.49311,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mauritania","place":"Dhar Tichitt escarpment, Tagant","countryName":"Mauritania","ageLabel":"About 2000 BC to the 4th century BC","ageQualifier":"dry-stone villages, and a chronology that was redrawn","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Hundreds of dry-stone compounds along the Tichitt escarpment, home to herders and millet farmers from about 2000 BC until the 4th century BC, with the order of settlement and the ranking of the compounds still argued.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Un_aspect_du_village_v.72%2C_Dhar_Tichitt-Oualata.jpg","alt":"Low walls of dark sandstone forming compounds on a flat rocky plateau under a pale sky.","author":"Sylvie Amblard-Pison","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Un_aspect_du_village_v.72,_Dhar_Tichitt-Oualata.jpg"}},{"id":"djenne-djeno","title":"Djenné-Djeno","href":"/mali/djenne-djeno","lat":13.8906,"lon":-4.5403,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mali","place":"a flood mound 3 kilometres from Djenné","countryName":"Mali","ageLabel":"From about 250 BCE to the 14th century","ageQualifier":"a city before the trans-Saharan gold texts","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A flood-refuge mound occupied from about 250 BCE, over 33 hectares at its height, older than the trade story that was supposed to have founded Djenné.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Headless_figure%2C_Jenne-jeno%2C_Mali%2C_900-1400_AD%2C_terracotta_-_National_Museum_of_Natural_History%2C_United_States_-_DSC00413.jpg/1280px-Headless_figure%2C_Jenne-jeno%2C_Mali%2C_900-1400_AD%2C_terracotta_-_National_Museum_of_Natural_History%2C_United_States_-_DSC00413.jpg","alt":"A headless seated terracotta figure with rows of applied clay discs on the limbs and torso, on a green museum plinth.","author":"Daderot","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Headless_figure,_Jenne-jeno,_Mali,_900-1400_AD,_terracotta_-_National_Museum_of_Natural_History,_United_States_-_DSC00413.jpg"}},{"id":"dong-son-drums","title":"Dong Son drums","href":"/vietnam/dong-son-drums","lat":19.8,"lon":105.77,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"vietnam","place":"Đông Sơn, Thanh Hóa, and the drums found beyond it","countryName":"Vietnam","ageLabel":"About 600 BC to the third century CE","ageQualifier":"a rayed disc on the drumhead, sun or star","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Bronze drums of the Red River, made from about 600 BC to the third century CE, with a rayed disc on the face whose meaning is open.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Ngoc_Lu.jpg","alt":"A large bronze drum in a glass case, seen from the side, with loop handles and bands of small figures.","author":"VuThiAnh","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ngoc_Lu.jpg"}},{"id":"durrington-walls","title":"Durrington Walls and Woodhenge","href":"/united-kingdom/durrington-walls","lat":51.1925,"lon":-1.7867,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-kingdom","place":"North of Amesbury, Wiltshire, England","countryName":"United Kingdom","ageLabel":"About 2500 BC","ageQualifier":"Feasting and timber circles around the time the sarsens were raised. A ring of pits around them is argued.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Durrington Walls is a great henge where people feasted at midwinter, with a timber circle beside it and a ring of giant pits more than 2 kilometres across.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Western_wall_of_Durrington_Walls.jpg/1280px-Western_wall_of_Durrington_Walls.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The western bank of the henge, a long grassy rise with a path along its foot and trees at the far end.","author":"Ethan Doyle White","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Western_wall_of_Durrington_Walls.jpg"}},{"id":"el-mirador","title":"El Mirador and the Mirador Basin","href":"/guatemala/el-mirador","lat":17.755,"lon":-89.9206,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"guatemala","place":"Mirador Basin, Petén","countryName":"Guatemala","ageLabel":"About 1000 BC to AD 150","ageQualifier":"Preclassic Maya city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A city of giant pyramids, raised centuries before Tikal's peak and tied to hundreds of others by roads that lidar has now mapped.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Pir%C3%A1mide_de_la_Danta%2C_Pet%C3%A9n.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A huge stepped pyramid, still partly under the forest, seen from above.","author":"Konjiki1","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pir%C3%A1mide_de_la_Danta,_Pet%C3%A9n.jpg"}},{"id":"fahien-lena","title":"Fa-Hien Lena","href":"/sri-lanka/fahien-lena","lat":6.601667,"lon":80.218333,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"sri-lanka","place":"Near Bulathsinhala","countryName":"Sri Lanka","ageLabel":"About 48,000 to 34,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"bone points read as arrows, and as spear tips","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A rainforest cave with 130 bone points from about 48,000 to 34,000 years ago, read as arrowheads and, in a published comment, as tips of fishing spears.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Pahiyangala.JPG","alt":"A forested limestone cliff under a grey sky, with palms in front and pale rock near the base.","author":"Rapa123","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pahiyangala.JPG"}},{"id":"garamantes","title":"Garamantes foggaras","href":"/libya/garamantes","lat":26.544,"lon":13.064,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"libya","place":"Garama, modern Germa, Wadi al-Ajal","countryName":"Libya","ageLabel":"In use from about 400 BC to 700 CE","ageQualifier":"local invention, or a tunnel borrowed from the east","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Underground water tunnels in the Fezzan, in use from about 400 BC to 700 CE, and the open question of who designed them.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/foggara-section.svg","alt":"A sloping underground tunnel with vertical shafts, labeled with lengths of 0.5 to 6.5 kilometres and shaft spacing of 5 to 10 metres.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/82375797/Sterry_M_Mattingly_D_J_and_Wilson_A_I_2022_Foggaras_and_the_Garamantes_Hydraulic_landscapes_in_the_central_Sahara_in_S_Rost_ed_Irrigation_in_Early_States_New_Directions_Oriental_Institute_Seminars_13_Chicago_41_61"}},{"id":"gedi","title":"Gedi","href":"/kenya/gedi","lat":-3.3094,"lon":40.0172,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"kenya","place":"the forest near Watamu, Kilifi","countryName":"Kenya","ageLabel":"10th to 17th centuries","ageQualifier":"the museum’s origin is the 12th, and the town was empty by the mid-17th","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Swahili stone town in the coastal forest, inscribed from the 10th to the 17th century, with several reasons given for why the last families left.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Mosque_of_Gede.jpg/1280px-Great_Mosque_of_Gede.jpg","alt":"Coral-stone walls of a ruined mosque with arched niches, a well with a metal grate in the foreground, and forest behind.","author":"Mgiganteus","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Mosque_of_Gede.jpg"}},{"id":"gesher-benot-yaaqov","title":"Gesher Benot Ya'aqov","href":"/israel/gesher-benot-yaaqov","lat":33.0083,"lon":35.625,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"israel","place":"East bank of the Jordan, south of the Hula basin","countryName":"Israel","ageLabel":"about 780,000 years","ageQualifier":"Acheulean lake beds at the magnetic reversal","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A polished willow plank from an Acheulean lakeshore in the upper Jordan valley, preserved because the ground stayed wet, and older than the wooden tools of Europe.","callout":{"dx":12,"dy":16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bnot-Yaakov-Bridge-V2-842.jpg/1280px-Bnot-Yaakov-Bridge-V2-842.jpg","alt":"The Jordan River in a green cut, seen from above, with a road on the far slope.","author":"Bukvoed","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bnot-Yaakov-Bridge-V2-842.jpg"}},{"id":"gobero","title":"Gobero burials","href":"/niger/gobero","lat":17.0833,"lon":9.5167,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"niger","place":"the paleodune rim of Paleolake Gobero","countryName":"Niger","ageLabel":"About 7700 to 2500 BCE, in two occupations","ageQualifier":"a burial gap of about a thousand years sits between them","roomStatus":"open","summary":"About two hundred lakeside burials in two clusters, Kiffian then Tenerian, separated by a dry gap the cemetery records as longer than the regional drought.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Gobero.jpg","alt":"An aerial view of orange dunes and pale hollows, with a small cluster of tents and vehicles in the middle distance.","author":"Paul C. Sereno and co-authors","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gobero.jpg"}},{"id":"gochang-dolmens","title":"Gochang dolmens","href":"/south-korea/gochang-dolmens","lat":35.448,"lon":126.649,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"south-korea","place":"Jungnim-ri, Gochang County, with Hwasun and Ganghwa in the same listing","countryName":"South Korea","ageLabel":"First millennium BCE, and the three groups do not share one date","ageQualifier":"tombs, or platforms for exposing the dead","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three cemeteries of slab tombs, with capstones up to hundreds of tonnes and a use that the listing itself leaves open.","callout":{"dx":-26,"dy":20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Korea-Gwangju-Gochang_Dolmens_5349-06.JPG","alt":"A wide dark capstone resting on two rough upright stones, with a small numbered marker and a rope in the grass.","author":"Steve46814","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Gwangju-Gochang_Dolmens_5349-06.JPG"}},{"id":"gundestrup-cauldron","title":"Gundestrup cauldron","href":"/denmark/gundestrup-cauldron","lat":56.8058,"lon":9.5794,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"denmark","place":"Rævemosen, Gundestrup, Himmerland","countryName":"Denmark","ageLabel":"About 150 to 1 BC","ageQualifier":"made in the southeast, buried in a Danish bog","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A silver cauldron, about 69 centimetres across, found in pieces in a Himmerland bog, with Thracian workmanship and Celtic objects in the pictures.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-26,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gundestrup_cauldron_2005.jpg/1280px-Gundestrup_cauldron_2005.jpg","alt":"A large silver bowl in a glass case, outer plates showing bearded faces, inner plates showing animals and small figures, on a modern metal stand.","author":"Math","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gundestrup_cauldron_2005.jpg"}},{"id":"hajar-el-hubla","title":"Hajjar el Hubla","href":"/lebanon/hajar-el-hubla","lat":34.0024,"lon":36.2048,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"lebanon","place":"The Roman quarry","countryName":"Lebanon","ageLabel":"Left in the quarry","ageQualifier":"the stop is the question","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three of the largest stones ever cut, still lying in the quarry.","callout":{"dx":-28,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Stone_of_the_Pregnant_Woman_in_Baalbek%2C_Beirut.jpg/1280px-Stone_of_the_Pregnant_Woman_in_Baalbek%2C_Beirut.jpg","alt":"A huge cut stone block lying tilted in a quarry.","author":"Choinowski","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stone_of_the_Pregnant_Woman_in_Baalbek,_Beirut.jpg"}},{"id":"hypogeum","title":"Hal Saflieni Hypogeum","href":"/malta/hypogeum","lat":35.8696,"lon":14.5069,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"malta","place":"Paola","countryName":"Malta","ageLabel":"About 4000 to 2500 BCE","ageQualifier":"the echo and the roof","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An underground cemetery held about 7,000 people, and a niche echoes.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-28,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Hal_Saflieni_Hypogeum_%E2%80%93_Oracle_Chamber_%E2%80%93_The_Oracle_Hole.jpg/1280px-Hal_Saflieni_Hypogeum_%E2%80%93_Oracle_Chamber_%E2%80%93_The_Oracle_Hole.jpg","alt":"The oracle hole in a chamber of the Hal Saflieni Hypogeum.","author":"xiquinhosilva","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hal_Saflieni_Hypogeum_%E2%80%93_Oracle_Chamber_%E2%80%93_The_Oracle_Hole.jpg"}},{"id":"harappa","title":"Harappa","href":"/pakistan/harappa","lat":30.626,"lon":72.864,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"pakistan","place":"Sahiwal District, Punjab, by an old bed of the Ravi","countryName":"Pakistan","ageLabel":"Mature city about 2600 to 1900 BC","ageQualifier":"the mounds are the argument","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The city that named the civilisation, a set of walled mounds beside a dry course of the Ravi.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Harappa_Ruins_-_VI_-_Mounds.jpg/1280px-Harappa_Ruins_-_VI_-_Mounds.jpg","alt":"Brick walls and foundations exposed in the mounds at Harappa.","author":"Hassan Nasir","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harappa_Ruins_-_VI_-_Mounds.jpg"}},{"id":"hintang","title":"Hintang standing stones","href":"/laos/hintang","lat":20.1462,"lon":103.8674,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"laos","place":"Site 7A, Houaphanh","countryName":"Laos","ageLabel":"A Bronze Age proposal, and no radiocarbon yet","ageQualifier":"cists, discs with a star, and a sixteenth-century bowl in the same soil","roomStatus":"open","summary":"More than 1,500 mica-schist slabs on the ridges of Houaphanh, tied to burials and still without a radiocarbon date.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Mysterious_Standing_Stones_of_Hintang_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/1280px-Mysterious_Standing_Stones_of_Hintang_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg","alt":"A cluster of tall grey standing stones on a grassy ridge, with forested mountains behind.","author":"Matthew Summerton","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mysterious_Standing_Stones_of_Hintang_-_panoramio_(2).jpg"}},{"id":"ikom-monoliths","title":"Ikom monoliths","href":"/nigeria/ikom-monoliths","lat":6.0833,"lon":8.6167,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"nigeria","place":"Alok and the Ikom villages, Cross River","countryName":"Nigeria","ageLabel":"One result near 200 CE, or a king-list from about 1500","ageQualifier":"the carving and the charcoal are not the same clock","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Carved basalt stones in village circles, dated by a king-list to about 1500–1900 and by one Alok radiocarbon result to about 200 CE.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Ikom_monoliths.jpg","alt":"Dark standing stones scattered in a grassy clearing among palm trunks, with a low wall and trees behind them.","author":"Dotun55","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ikom_monoliths.jpg"}},{"id":"issyk-kurgan","title":"Issyk kurgan","href":"/kazakhstan/issyk-kurgan","lat":43.33,"lon":77.6186,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"kazakhstan","place":"left bank of the Issyk river, east of Almaty","countryName":"Kazakhstan","ageLabel":"400 to 300 BCE, on the bone","ageQualifier":"a young burial, a sex the skeleton left open, and an unread bowl","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Saka kurgan east of Almaty with more than 4,000 gold ornaments, a radiocarbon date of 400 to 300 BCE, and a silver bowl of 26 letters nobody has read.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Golden_Man_%28Issyk_kurgan%29.jpg","alt":"A museum figure in a tall gold headdress, a red cloak, and a jacket covered in gold scales, with a sword at the hip.","author":"eggry","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Golden_Man_(Issyk_kurgan).jpg"}},{"id":"katanda","title":"Katanda harpoons","href":"/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/katanda","lat":-0.08,"lon":29.65,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"democratic-republic-of-the-congo","place":"Upper Semliki, near Lake Edward","countryName":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","ageLabel":"Older than about 89,000 years","ageQualifier":"barbed bone points in Middle Stone Age sands","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Barbed and unbarbed bone points from three Semliki sites, dated by several methods to older than about 89,000 years, with the luminescence clock reworked once and the behaviour still argued.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/View_of_Semliki_River_in_DRC_from_Uganda_-_1_Feb_2020.jpg/1280px-View_of_Semliki_River_in_DRC_from_Uganda_-_1_Feb_2020.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A hazy green valley with a distant river, seen from a high slope.","author":"Mgslee","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:View_of_Semliki_River_in_DRC_from_Uganda_-_1_Feb_2020.jpg"}},{"id":"kerma","title":"Kerma","href":"/sudan/kerma","lat":19.636,"lon":30.41,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"sudan","place":"Kerma, on the Nile north of Dongola","countryName":"Sudan","ageLabel":"about 2500–1500 BCE","ageQualifier":"capital of Kush before Napata","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A mudbrick capital on the Nile in northern Sudan, with a great ruined temple still standing and a cemetery of round royal graves, centuries before the kings who ruled Egypt.","callout":{"dx":12,"dy":16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Western_Deffufa_-_Kerma.jpg/1280px-Western_Deffufa_-_Kerma.jpg","alt":"A tall ruined mass of mudbrick rising over excavated foundations in a flat desert.","author":"Walter Callens","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Western_Deffufa_-_Kerma.jpg"}},{"id":"khami","title":"Khami","href":"/zimbabwe/khami","lat":-20.1433,"lon":28.4234,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"zimbabwe","place":"west of the Khami River, near Bulawayo","countryName":"Zimbabwe","ageLabel":"About 1450 to 1650","ageQualifier":"the move from Great Zimbabwe is dated more than one way","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The Torwa stone capital after Great Zimbabwe, with terrace walls and a date of about 1450–1650 that does not match every sentence about when the old capital emptied.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":-22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Khami_ruins_%28ZW%29.jpg/1280px-Khami_ruins_%28ZW%29.jpg","alt":"Stone terrace walls on both sides of a dirt path, bare trees, and two small figures walking in the middle distance.","author":"Ulamm","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khami_ruins_(ZW).jpg"}},{"id":"kissonerga","title":"Kissonerga","href":"/cyprus/kissonerga","lat":34.8167,"lon":32.4,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cyprus","place":"Kissonerga-Mosphilia, north of Paphos","countryName":"Cyprus","ageLabel":"A deposit about 3000 BCE, a house about 2700–2500","ageQualifier":"a bowl of figurines, and a storeroom burned with the jars inside","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Chalcolithic village with a pit of birth figurines around 3000 BCE and a burned storehouse a few centuries later, read as rite or as accident.","callout":{"dx":-12,"dy":-26,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kissonerga_Chalcolithique_Village_Mosfilia_%281%29.jpg/1280px-Kissonerga_Chalcolithique_Village_Mosfilia_%281%29.jpg","alt":"A modern round building with a plastered wall and a rough stone base, standing on gravel between trees.","author":"Chris06","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kissonerga_Chalcolithique_Village_Mosfilia_(1).jpg"}},{"id":"kivik","title":"Kivik King's Grave","href":"/sweden/kivik","lat":55.6833,"lon":14.2333,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"sweden","place":"Kivik, Skåne","countryName":"Sweden","ageLabel":"About 1400 BC for the cist","ageQualifier":"the cairn was rebuilt, and the bone says it stayed open","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Sweden’s largest round cairn, 75 metres across, with carved cist slabs read as a funeral procession and as a journey of the sun.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kiviksgraven_02.jpg/1280px-Kiviksgraven_02.jpg","alt":"A broad mound paved with grey stones, bare trees along the skyline under a blue sky.","author":"Johan Jönsson","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kiviksgraven_02.jpg"}},{"id":"koi-krylgan-kala","title":"Koi-Krylgan-kala","href":"/uzbekistan/koi-krylgan-kala","lat":41.755214,"lon":61.117006,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"uzbekistan","place":"Ellikqala, Karakalpakstan","countryName":"Uzbekistan","ageLabel":"4th to 3rd century BC, then a later reuse","ageQualifier":"a round plan, 69 degrees or 80","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A round Khorezmian building, about 44.5 metres across, read as a fortified tomb and observatory aimed near 69 degrees, and remeasured near 80, with the openings also read as air vents.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Qo%E2%80%98yqirqilgan_qal%E2%80%99a.jpg","alt":"An overhead view of a round central building with rooms in a ring, and radial cuts in the ground around it.","author":"Cultural Heritage Agency of Uzbekistan","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qo%E2%80%98yqirqilgan_qal%E2%80%99a.jpg"}},{"id":"koma-terracottas","title":"Koma terracottas","href":"/ghana/koma-terracottas","lat":10.2445,"lon":-1.5676,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ghana","place":"Yikpabongo, Koma Land","countryName":"Ghana","ageLabel":"About the 6th to 12th centuries","ageQualifier":"mounds first called graves, then shrines","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Terracotta figures from mounds in northern Ghana, first dated to the 15th to 17th centuries and called graves, then radiocarbon-dated to about the 6th to 12th centuries and read as shrines for healing.","callout":{"dx":-24,"dy":-16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Statuette_Koma_Ghana.jpg/1280px-Statuette_Koma_Ghana.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A terracotta human figure with outstretched arms, large round eyes, an open mouth, and a belt, against a black background.","author":"Siren-Com","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statuette_Koma_Ghana.jpg"}},{"id":"kondoa-rock-art","title":"Kondoa rock paintings","href":"/tanzania/kondoa-rock-art","lat":-4.7244,"lon":35.8339,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"tanzania","place":"the eastern scarp above Kondoa","countryName":"Tanzania","ageLabel":"At least two millennia, on the listing","ageQualifier":"the paint itself has no radiocarbon date","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Painted shelters on the Rift scarp, used for at least two millennia in the heritage listing, with much older estimates that are not dates on the paint.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":-32,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kondoa_Irangi_Rock_Paintings_%2851506892707%29.jpg/1280px-Kondoa_Irangi_Rock_Paintings_%2851506892707%29.jpg","alt":"Trees in the foreground framing a wide view of wooded hills and a distant escarpment under a bright sky.","author":"Nina R","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kondoa_Irangi_Rock_Paintings_(51506892707).jpg"}},{"id":"kuk-swamp","title":"Kuk Swamp","href":"/papua-new-guinea/kuk-swamp","lat":-5.7825,"lon":144.33,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"papua-new-guinea","place":"the upper Wahgi valley","countryName":"Papua New Guinea","ageLabel":"Mounds by about 7000 to 6400 years ago","ageQualifier":"the 10,000-year surface is the argument","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A highland swamp with mounded cultivation dated to about 6950–6440 years ago, and an older surface whose ditches may or may not be gardens.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kuk_New_Guinea_2002.jpg/1280px-Kuk_New_Guinea_2002.jpg","alt":"A satellite view of green highland ridges, pale rivers, and rectangular modern fields under scattered clouds.","author":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kuk_New_Guinea_2002.jpg"}},{"id":"la-aleta","title":"La Aleta","href":"/dominican-republic/la-aleta","lat":18.35,"lon":-68.8,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"dominican-republic","place":"East National Park, Higüey","countryName":"Dominican Republic","ageLabel":"About AD 1035 to 1420","ageQualifier":"offerings in a sinkhole, or stores of water gear","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A flooded sinkhole in the eastern park whose wooden stools, spatulas, and whole pots date between about AD 1035 and 1420 and are read as gifts to the dead, as a sightline up to the sky, and as the eye of an island-being.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":14,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Atardecer_bayahibe.jpg/1280px-Atardecer_bayahibe.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Palm trees in silhouette against an orange sunset over the sea, with a small boat on the water.","author":"Cochoncarlos","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atardecer_bayahibe.jpg"}},{"id":"la-hueca","title":"La Hueca","href":"/puerto-rico/la-hueca","lat":18.15,"lon":-65.8,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"puerto-rico","place":"Sorcé, Vieques, and Punta Candelero, Humacao","countryName":"Puerto Rico","ageLabel":"About 160 BC to AD 500 in one filing","ageQualifier":"a separate migration, or a Saladoid style","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Pottery and ornaments at Sorcé on Vieques and at Punta Candelero, filed either as a separate early migration into Puerto Rico or as a style inside the Saladoid tradition, about 160 BC to AD 500.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Punta_Candelero%2C_Humacao%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg/1280px-Punta_Candelero%2C_Humacao%2C_Puerto_Rico.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A sandy beach with leaning palm trees and people, and a green sea under a bright sky.","author":"Yarfpr","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Punta_Candelero,_Humacao,_Puerto_Rico.jpg"}},{"id":"laguna-copperplate","title":"Laguna Copperplate","href":"/philippines/laguna-copperplate","lat":14.297,"lon":121.459,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"philippines","place":"Lumbang River, Laguna de Bay","countryName":"Philippines","ageLabel":"Saka 822, which is 900 CE","ageQualifier":"a debt release, and place-names that are still argued","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A copper sheet dated Saka 822, 900 CE, found in the Lumbang River in 1989, written mostly in Old Malay and clearing a gold debt.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Laguna_Copper-Plate_Inscription%2C_c._10th_Century_AD_%2832154734813%29.jpg/1280px-Laguna_Copper-Plate_Inscription%2C_c._10th_Century_AD_%2832154734813%29.jpg","alt":"A thin, bent sheet of dark copper covered in lines of incised script, held by two small supports.","author":"Gary Todd","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laguna_Copper-Plate_Inscription,_c._10th_Century_AD_(32154734813).jpg"}},{"id":"lakatoni-anja","title":"Lakaton'i Anja","href":"/madagascar/lakatoni-anja","lat":-12.333,"lon":49.35,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"madagascar","place":"Andavakoera gorge, Montagne des Français","countryName":"Madagascar","ageLabel":"Tools in sand dated about 4,380 to 3,470 years ago, or much later","ageQualifier":"optically stimulated luminescence against charcoal and termite burrows","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A rock shelter near Antsiranana with tiny stone tools in layers dated by luminescence to about 4,400 to 3,500 years ago, while charcoal, pottery, and a bead in the same sands are much younger.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Montagne_des_Francais_Antsiranana_Madagascar_-_panoramio.jpg/1280px-Montagne_des_Francais_Antsiranana_Madagascar_-_panoramio.jpg","alt":"A flat-topped limestone ridge above dry woodland and a woven fence.","author":"Hiroki Ogawa","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Montagne_des_Francais_Antsiranana_Madagascar_-_panoramio.jpg"}},{"id":"langi-lapaha","title":"Langi of Lapaha","href":"/tonga/langi-lapaha","lat":-21.1792,"lon":-175.1167,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"tonga","place":"Lapaha, Muʻa, eastern Tongatapu","countryName":"Tonga","ageLabel":"The Tuʻi Tonga capital, from about a thousand years ago","ageQualifier":"named tombs, and a sequence the ground has not finished","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Stepped coral-stone tombs at Lapaha, the Tuʻi Tonga seat, with named langi and an archaeological sequence still being tied to the king list.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Paepae_%CA%BBo_Tele%CA%BBa.jpg","alt":"A stepped tomb of large grey coral-stone blocks, with plants growing from the joints and trees behind.","author":"Tauʻolunga","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paepae_ʻo_Teleʻa.jpg"}},{"id":"leluh","title":"Leluh","href":"/micronesia/leluh","lat":5.332,"lon":163.024,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"micronesia","place":"Leluh Island, Kosrae","countryName":"Micronesia","ageLabel":"Tombs in the 14th century","ageQualifier":"coral dates against an older style date","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A canal city of basalt walls and coral tombs on Kosrae, whose three royal tombs date by uranium-thorium to the 14th century, centuries before a style date of about 1600 to 1650.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lelu_Ruins%2C_Kosrae%2C_Micronesia.jpg/1280px-Lelu_Ruins%2C_Kosrae%2C_Micronesia.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A mossy wall of dark basalt blocks beside a narrow path, with palms and thick green growth.","author":"Maloff1","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lelu_Ruins,_Kosrae,_Micronesia.jpg"}},{"id":"locmariaquer","title":"Locmariaquer","href":"/france/locmariaquer","lat":47.572,"lon":-2.95,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"france","place":"Locmariaquer, Morbihan, Brittany","countryName":"France","ageLabel":"About 4500 BC for the Grand Menhir","ageQualifier":"erected in the mid-fifth millennium; broken before 4000 BC","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A fallen menhir, once about 20 metres tall and about 280 tonnes, beside the Table des Marchands, the Er Grah cairn, and a carved ceiling shared with Gavrinis.","callout":{"dx":-28,"dy":20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Broken_menhir_edit.jpg/1280px-Broken_menhir_edit.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Four huge broken granite blocks lying in a line on grass.","author":"Bjørn som tegner; derivative Myrabella","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Broken_menhir_edit.jpg"}},{"id":"lumbini","title":"Lumbini","href":"/nepal/lumbini","lat":27.469,"lon":83.276,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"nepal","place":"Lumbini, Rupandehi","countryName":"Nepal","ageLabel":"Postholes about 800 to 550 BC","ageQualifier":"a timber line under the brick temple, and a wide luminescence span","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Under the Maya Devi temple, a line of postholes dated by radiocarbon to the 8th through 6th centuries BC, read as the earliest Buddhist tree shrine and as an older sacred fence that does not date the Buddha.","callout":{"dx":15,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lumbini_Maya_Devi_Temple_1.jpg/1280px-Lumbini_Maya_Devi_Temple_1.jpg","alt":"A white temple with a gilded spire reflected in a pool, and a stone pillar to the left.","author":"Rangan Datta","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lumbini_Maya_Devi_Temple_1.jpg"}},{"id":"mahasthangarh","title":"Mahasthangarh","href":"/bangladesh/mahasthangarh","lat":24.961111,"lon":89.342778,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bangladesh","place":"Mahasthan, on the Karatoya","countryName":"Bangladesh","ageLabel":"Citadel from about the 4th to 3rd century BC","ageQualifier":"a Brahmi order read as Mauryan, or later","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A ramparted city on the Karatoya, named Pudanagala on a broken Brahmi stone, with the script dated to the 3rd century BC and also argued later.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Walls_of_Mahasthangarh.jpg","alt":"A long stepped wall of red brick in grass, with a tree-covered earthen rampart behind it.","author":"Zaheed Sarwer Khan","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Walls_of_Mahasthangarh.jpg"}},{"id":"masuda-iwafune","title":"Masuda no Iwafune","href":"/japan/masuda-iwafune","lat":34.4712,"lon":135.7887,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"japan","place":"Kashihara, Nara","countryName":"Japan","ageLabel":"Date of making unknown","ageQualifier":"two holes, and a stopped cut","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An 11-metre granite block on a hill, with the shaping left unfinished.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":-20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Masuda-no-Iwafune-1-1.jpg/1280px-Masuda-no-Iwafune-1-1.jpg","alt":"The carved granite block Masuda no Iwafune on its hill in Kashihara.","author":"Saigen Jiro","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Masuda-no-Iwafune-1-1.jpg"}},{"id":"matsieng","title":"Matsieng footprints","href":"/botswana/matsieng","lat":-24.3519,"lon":26.0925,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"botswana","place":"Near Rasesa, Kgatleng","countryName":"Botswana","ageLabel":"Engravings of unsettled age","ageQualifier":"holes are natural; the feet are pecked","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A sandstone sheet near Rasesa with natural waterholes and pecked human and animal footprints, read as a creation place and as rock art of unsettled age.","callout":{"dx":-26,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Matsieng_Footprints_20200620a.jpg/1280px-Matsieng_Footprints_20200620a.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A flat reddish sandstone sheet with several deep holes, one holding water, and trees beyond.","author":"CNJerem","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Matsieng_Footprints_20200620a.jpg"}},{"id":"msoura","title":"Msoura","href":"/morocco/msoura","lat":35.4042,"lon":-5.9439,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"morocco","place":"near Chouahed, south-east of Asilah","countryName":"Morocco","ageLabel":"Undated circle, with a later mound in the middle","ageQualifier":"solstice stones reported, and no radiocarbon","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An ellipse of about 168 monoliths near Asilah, with a reported solstice pattern and no date on the stone.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cromlech_de_M%27zora.jpg/1280px-Cromlech_de_M%27zora.jpg","alt":"A tall tapered standing stone among shorter stones, with a low earthen mound and trees behind.","author":"Erwann Andre","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cromlech_de_M%27zora.jpg"}},{"id":"mulifanua","title":"Mulifanua","href":"/samoa/mulifanua","lat":-13.84842,"lon":-172.03787,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"samoa","place":"Mulifanua ferry berth, Upolu","countryName":"Samoa","ageLabel":"About 2880 to 2750 calibrated years ago","ageQualifier":"a dredged Lapita site, and a second clock that shifts it","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The only dentate-stamped Lapita pottery in Samoa, dredged from below sea level at the Mulifanua ferry berth, dated about 2880 to 2750 calibrated years ago, with a later recalculation that moves the age and then doubts the bone it uses.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mulifanua_wharf_and_ferry_terminal%2C_Upolu%2C_Samoa_-_August_2016.jpg/1280px-Mulifanua_wharf_and_ferry_terminal%2C_Upolu%2C_Samoa_-_August_2016.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"An orange two-storey ferry terminal on a concrete wharf, with turquoise water and a line of palms.","author":"Rickard Törnblad","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mulifanua_wharf_and_ferry_terminal,_Upolu,_Samoa_-_August_2016.jpg"}},{"id":"mustatils","title":"Mustatils","href":"/saudi-arabia/mustatils","lat":26.609,"lon":38.477,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"saudi-arabia","place":"55 km east of AlUla, and across the north-west","countryName":"Saudi Arabia","ageLabel":"Late sixth millennium BC, on cattle bone","ageQualifier":"ritual courts, not stock pens, and not a shared sunrise","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Rectangular stone monuments up to 620 metres long, dated to the late sixth millennium BC, with cattle horns and no shared solar axis.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Journal.pone.Mustatil.png","alt":"An aerial view of a long narrow stone rectangle in sand, with labels for the head, walls, courtyard, entrance and base.","author":"Kennedy and co-authors","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Journal.pone.Mustatil.png"}},{"id":"mwanganda","title":"Mwanganda’s Village","href":"/malawi/mwanganda","lat":-10.08475,"lon":33.86619,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"malawi","place":"Near Karonga, northern Malawi","countryName":"Malawi","ageLabel":"Middle Stone Age, association undone","ageQualifier":"an elephant and stone tools that may not be one event","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A paleochannel near Karonga, published in 1970 as an elephant butchery of the Middle Stone Age, and re-examined as a place where the elephant and the tools were probably not one event.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Old_Town%2C_Karonga._Northern_Malawi.jpg/1280px-Old_Town%2C_Karonga._Northern_Malawi.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A paved street in a town, with a long white single-storey building and trees.","author":"Michaelphoya","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_Town,_Karonga._Northern_Malawi.jpg"}},{"id":"mycenae","title":"Mycenae and Tiryns","href":"/greece/mycenae","lat":37.7308,"lon":22.7562,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"greece","place":"The Argolid","countryName":"Greece","ageLabel":"Late Bronze Age citadels","ageQualifier":"Tiryns' circuit is placed at the end of the 13th century BCE.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The walls are cyclopean. Mycenae's are 6 to 8 metres thick, and Tiryns' reach 8 metres thick and 13 metres high.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-42,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Lion_Gate%2C_Mycenae%2C_201505.jpg","alt":"The approach to the Lion Gate, between the great walls.","author":"Zde","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lion_Gate,_Mycenae,_201505.jpg"}},{"id":"natunuku","title":"Natunuku","href":"/fiji/natunuku","lat":-17.45,"lon":177.75,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"fiji","place":"Natunuku, near the Ba River, Viti Levu","countryName":"Fiji","ageLabel":"Lapita, revised toward about 2800 years ago","ageQualifier":"a first date of 3240 years that did not hold","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A north-coast Lapita site whose first radiocarbon date, 3240 plus or minus 100 years, was revised to about 2800 plus or minus 90, while shell dates put much of the dug deposit after the Lapita period.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Viti_Levu_coast_from_air%2C_Fiji.jpg/1280px-Viti_Levu_coast_from_air%2C_Fiji.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"An aerial view of a reef-fringed green coast under a bank of white cloud, with deep blue water beyond the breakers.","author":"Maksym Kozlenko","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Viti_Levu_coast_from_air,_Fiji.jpg"}},{"id":"nebelivka","title":"Nebelivka","href":"/ukraine/nebelivka","lat":48.6425,"lon":30.5575,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ukraine","place":"Nebelivka, Kirovohrad Oblast","countryName":"Ukraine","ageLabel":"About 3950 to 3750 BC","ageQualifier":"a town of 238 hectares, or a seasonal assembly","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Trypillia settlement of 238 hectares and 1,445 houses, dated about 3950–3750 BC, read as a city of thousands or as a place people gathered.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Nebelivka.jpg","alt":"A plan of an oval settlement, small coloured marks in rings inside a ditch, crossed by a pale diagonal band.","author":"John Chapman, Mikhail Videiko, Bisserka Gaydarska, Natalia Burdo, and Duncan Hale","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nebelivka.jpg"}},{"id":"rakhigarhi","title":"One genome at Rakhigarhi","href":"/india/rakhigarhi","lat":29.289,"lon":76.114,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Rakhigarhi, Haryana","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"One Harappan person","ageQualifier":"the bone was not dated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Sixty-one skeletons were tried. One genome has Iranian-related ancestry and no Steppe signal.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/rakhigarhi-one.svg","alt":"Diagram of the single Rakhigarhi genome, one fitting model at about 73 percent Iranian-related ancestry.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)30967-5"}},{"id":"padah-lin","title":"Padah-Lin","href":"/myanmar/padah-lin","lat":21.1,"lon":96.3,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"myanmar","place":"Near Ywangan, Shan State","countryName":"Myanmar","ageLabel":"Charcoal from about 13,000 to 1,750 years ago","ageQualifier":"the red paintings are not dated on the pigment","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A rock shelter with red paintings of hands, animals, and a sun on the ceiling, called Neolithic because the ochre sits with the tools, while the charcoal reaches about 13,000 years.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Cupules_at_Padah-Lin_Cave_1.jpg","alt":"A pale rock wall covered with many small round pits, some in loose rows, with a green wet patch in the middle.","author":"Comtebenoit","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cupules_at_Padah-Lin_Cave_1.jpg"}},{"id":"potocka-zijalka","title":"Potočka zijalka","href":"/slovenia/potocka-zijalka","lat":46.448889,"lon":14.668611,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"slovenia","place":"Olševa, eastern Karawanks","countryName":"Slovenia","ageLabel":"After about 34,000 to 32,000 radiocarbon years","ageQualifier":"134 bone points, direct dates on the points themselves","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A high cave with 134 massive bone points, read as a hunting cache and as offerings, and dated on the points to after the last Neanderthals of the region.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":12,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Potok_Cave_-_Poto%C4%8Dka_zijalka_%28Slovenia%29.JPG","alt":"A dark cave mouth in a pale limestone cliff, with a path, grass, and a small sign at the entrance.","author":"DancingPhilosopher","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Potok_Cave_-_Poto%C4%8Dka_zijalka_(Slovenia).JPG"}},{"id":"poverty-point","title":"Poverty Point","href":"/united-states/poverty-point","lat":32.637,"lon":-91.407,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"West Carroll Parish, Louisiana","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"About 3,700 to 3,100 years ago","ageQualifier":"Late Archaic earthworks","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Six ridges and a bird-shaped mound, raised by hunter-gatherers, and a solstice proposal that was tested and then withdrawn.","callout":{"dx":-26,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Poverty_point_1938_USACE-1_retouched.jpg","alt":"A black-and-white aerial of concentric earthen arcs, a pale road cutting across them.","author":"United States Army Corps of Engineers","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poverty_point_1938_USACE-1_retouched.jpg"}},{"id":"predmosti","title":"Předmostí","href":"/czech-republic/predmosti","lat":49.468,"lon":17.437,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"czech-republic","place":"Předmostí, Přerov, Moravia","countryName":"Czech Republic","ageLabel":"About 27,000 to 25,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"the largest Gravettian burial cluster, mostly destroyed in 1945","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The largest cluster of Gravettian human remains in one place, a central burial area opened in 1894 and often covered, in this culture, by mammoth shoulder blades. Most of the bones were destroyed in 1945.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Pamatnik_lovcu_mamutu_Predmosti.JPG/1280px-Pamatnik_lovcu_mamutu_Predmosti.JPG","alt":"A modern concrete and stone shelter with a painted mural of mammoths and human figures.","author":"Milan Piska","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pamatnik_lovcu_mamutu_Predmosti.JPG"}},{"id":"radimlja","title":"Radimlja","href":"/bosnia-and-herzegovina/radimlja","lat":43.092214,"lon":17.924053,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bosnia-and-herzegovina","place":"Radimlja, near Stolac","countryName":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","ageLabel":"Mostly the 14th and 15th centuries","ageQualifier":"the custom runs from the later 12th into the 16th","roomStatus":"open","summary":"133 medieval tombstones near Stolac, set in west-east rows, carved with raised hands, crosses, and circles, and read both as a dualist cemetery and as the graves of three churches.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Radimlja_4%2C_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.jpg","alt":"A white gabled tombstone carved with a standing figure, one arm raised, a round mark beside the head, and other stones behind it among cypress trees.","author":"Senad.sabovic","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Radimlja_4,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.jpg"}},{"id":"rising-star","title":"Rising Star Cave","href":"/south-africa/rising-star","lat":-26.0203,"lon":27.7119,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"south-africa","place":"Cradle of Humankind, Gauteng","countryName":"South Africa","ageLabel":"About 335,000 to 236,000 years","ageQualifier":"a bracket on the Dinaledi fossils, not one clock on every bone","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A small-brained human species in a chamber that is hard to reach, dated between about 335,000 and 236,000 years, with burial and engraving claims that the reviews have not settled.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Homo_naledi_LES1_cranium.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Four views of a fossil skull with a small vault, large eye openings and worn teeth, on a black background.","author":"John Hawks, Marina Elliott, Peter Schmid and colleagues","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_naledi_LES1_cranium.jpg"}},{"id":"shahr-e-sukhteh","title":"Shahr-e Sukhteh, the Burnt City","href":"/iran/shahr-e-sukhteh","lat":30.5953,"lon":61.3264,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iran","place":"Near Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan","countryName":"Iran","ageLabel":"About 3200 to 1800 BC","ageQualifier":"Bronze Age city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Bronze Age city in the Sistan desert, with an artificial eye, a surgical cut in a skull, a cup that moves when turned, and a board game.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/C20R0997.jpg/1280px-C20R0997.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Excavated walls and a shelter at Shahr-e Sukhteh, seen from the ground.","author":"Amirkhan33","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:C20R0997.jpg"}},{"id":"shisr","title":"Shisr","href":"/oman/shisr","lat":18.256,"lon":53.649,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"oman","place":"Shisr, Dhofar","countryName":"Oman","ageLabel":"A fortress from the 2nd century BC, used into Islamic times","ageQualifier":"the name Ubar is the part that does not sit on one city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A small fortified oasis on the frankincense road, partly collapsed into a sinkhole, identified by some as the lost city Ubar and by the heritage record as a caravan station.","callout":{"dx":-14,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Shisr_Oman.JPG","alt":"Low limestone walls and a curved tower in a desert oasis, with a signboard and trees.","author":"Ulf Rydin","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shisr_Oman.JPG"}},{"id":"si-thep","title":"Si Thep","href":"/thailand/si-thep","lat":15.4661,"lon":101.1506,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"thailand","place":"Si Thep, Phetchabun","countryName":"Thailand","ageLabel":"Dvaravati, 6th to 10th centuries","ageQualifier":"a moated town whose end is told as the 12th century and as later","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A twin moated town and the great brick monument of Khao Klang Nok, Dvaravati from the 6th to the 10th century, with Khmer centuries after and a disputed last year.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Khao_Khlang_Nok_%28southwest_view%29_July_2025.jpg/1280px-Khao_Khlang_Nok_%28southwest_view%29_July_2025.jpg","alt":"A long brick monument with stair-like bays along the side and a rounded mass rising at the centre, on a lawn under a cloudy sky.","author":"Paul 012","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khao_Khlang_Nok_(southwest_view)_July_2025.jpg"}},{"id":"sirwah","title":"Sirwah","href":"/yemen/sirwah","lat":15.45,"lon":45.0167,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"yemen","place":"Sirwah, west of Marib","countryName":"Yemen","ageLabel":"A royal text of about 715 BCE","ageQualifier":"whether this was the first Sabaean capital is the argument","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An oval temple of Almaqah with a royal inscription of about 715 BCE, and a claim that Sirwah was Saba’s capital before Marib that the excavations do not confirm.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Jemen_Sirwah_01.JPG","alt":"A limestone pier with a yellow project sign reading Sirwah, an arched opening beside it, and desert hills beyond.","author":"Kmatura","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jemen_Sirwah_01.JPG"}},{"id":"spy-cave","title":"Spy Cave","href":"/belgium/spy-cave","lat":50.482222,"lon":4.669167,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"belgium","place":"Spy, near the Orneau","countryName":"Belgium","ageLabel":"About 44,200 to 40,600 years ago, in the later dating","ageQualifier":"older collagen dates were younger by up to 10,000 years","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Neanderthal bones from a cave found in 1886, once among the last in northwest Europe, and redated older after glue and soil carbon were taken out of the measurement.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Spy_Cave_-_13.jpg","alt":"The inside of a limestone cave, looking out through a rough arch to green bushes and a gravel floor.","author":"Bel Adone","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spy_Cave_-_13.jpg"}},{"id":"surtshellir","title":"Surtshellir","href":"/iceland/surtshellir","lat":64.782,"lon":-20.724,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iceland","place":"Hallmundarhraun, Borgarbyggð","countryName":"Iceland","ageLabel":"Late 9th century into the 10th","ageQualifier":"bone piles after the lava cooled, read as rite or as shelter","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A lava cave formed just after Iceland was settled, with animal bone piled deep inside for decades, read as offerings tied to Surtr and as an outlaw shelter.","callout":{"dx":12,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Surtshellir_01.jpg/1280px-Surtshellir_01.jpg","alt":"A dark collapse entrance in a mossy lava field, with a green mountain behind.","author":"Rémih","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surtshellir_01.jpg"}},{"id":"susiluola","title":"Susiluola","href":"/finland/susiluola","lat":62.303,"lon":21.661,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"finland","place":"Susivuori, Karijoki and Kristinestad","countryName":"Finland","ageLabel":"Perhaps the Eemian, about 130,000 to 100,000 years","ageQualifier":"stones in a cave, read as tools and as natural breakage","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Susiluola, called the Wolf Cave in English, is a crack in western Finland whose deeper gravels hold stones read as Middle Palaeolithic tools from the last warm interval before the ice, and as geofacts shaped by water and frost.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":-20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Susiluola_6.jpg","alt":"A low cave interior with a wooden walkway, pale rock, and wire mesh on the ceiling.","author":"Roquai","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Susiluola_6.jpg"}},{"id":"tafi-menhirs","title":"Tafí menhirs","href":"/argentina/tafi-menhirs","lat":-26.99,"lon":-65.7108,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"argentina","place":"the open-air reserve at El Mollar, Tafí del Valle","countryName":"Argentina","ageLabel":"About 200 BCE to 800 CE","ageQualifier":"the stones were moved, so a sunrise is hard to check","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Carved standing stones of the Tafí culture, dated about 200 BCE to 800 CE, gathered into a park so their original directions are mostly lost.","callout":{"dx":-14,"dy":-28,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Reserva_Menhires_001.jpg/1280px-Reserva_Menhires_001.jpg","alt":"Many tall grey stones standing in a gravel yard, some carved with faces, with pines, power lines, and mountains behind.","author":"Claudio Elias","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reserva_Menhires_001.jpg"}},{"id":"taima-taima","title":"Taima-Taima","href":"/venezuela/taima-taima","lat":11.499,"lon":-69.522,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"venezuela","place":"Taima-Taima, Falcón","countryName":"Venezuela","ageLabel":"About 14,000 to 13,000 radiocarbon years, or younger","ageQualifier":"an El Jobo point in a mastodon pelvis, and a spring that mixes carbon","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A juvenile mastodon in a spring deposit near Coro, with an El Jobo point lying in the pelvic cavity and radiocarbon dates from about 14,000 to 13,000 years ago, argued over because of old carbon and a disturbed sand.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Stegomastodon_waringi_3.jpg","alt":"A fossil skull with two long tusks, mounted in a museum against an orange wall and a painted landscape.","author":"Ghedoghedo","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stegomastodon_waringi_3.jpg"}},{"id":"tartaria-tablets","title":"Tărtăria tablets","href":"/romania/tartaria-tablets","lat":45.92,"lon":23.47,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"romania","place":"Tărtăria, Săliștea, Alba County","countryName":"Romania","ageLabel":"Pit charcoal and bone in the late sixth millennium BC","ageQualifier":"the tablets themselves were never dated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three inscribed clay tablets from a pit at Tărtăria, tied to Vinča signs and to a radiocarbon date that is not on the clay.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/T%C4%83rt%C4%83ria_Amulet_Tablet.png","alt":"A round clay disc with a hole near the top, incised signs, and a cross, above a scale bar marked 3 cm.","author":"FlorinCB","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:T%C4%83rt%C4%83ria_Amulet_Tablet.png"}},{"id":"tash-rabat","title":"Tash-Rabat","href":"/kyrgyzstan/tash-rabat","lat":40.82315,"lon":75.288766,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"kyrgyzstan","place":"At-Bashy, Naryn","countryName":"Kyrgyzstan","ageLabel":"15th century, or the 10th to 12th","ageQualifier":"a stone hall at about 3,200 metres","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stone building sunk into a high valley, dated to the 15th century and to the 10th–12th, and read as a caravanserai, a monastery, a Sufi lodge, or a ribat whose job changed.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Tash_Rabat.JPG","alt":"A stone gateway and a domed hall in a green mountain valley, with a small opening high on the dome.","author":"WikiTofu","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0 DE","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tash_Rabat.JPG"}},{"id":"abu-hureyra","title":"Tell Abu Hureyra","href":"/syria/abu-hureyra","lat":35.867,"lon":38.4,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"syria","place":"former southwest bank of the Euphrates, now under Lake Assad","countryName":"Syria","ageLabel":"A boundary layer about 12,800 years ago","ageQualifier":"meltglass from a fire, or from a cosmic event","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A drowned Euphrates village whose soil holds meltglass, read as a hut fire and as a cosmic event about 12,800 years ago.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Abu_Hureyra_meltglass.png/1280px-Abu_Hureyra_meltglass.png","alt":"Six panels of a rough glassy lump, in colour and in grey electron images, with arrows and mineral labels.","author":"Andrew M. T. Moore and co-authors","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abu_Hureyra_meltglass.png"}},{"id":"azokh-cave","title":"The Azokh jaw","href":"/azerbaijan/azokh-cave","lat":39.619,"lon":46.988,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"azerbaijan","place":"Azokh, Khojavend","countryName":"Azerbaijan","ageLabel":"Middle Pleistocene, horizon uncertain","ageQualifier":"a jaw from 1968 whose layer was written down two ways","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A fragment of a human jaw with three molars, found in Azokh Cave in 1968 in an Acheulean layer, with the horizon and the year still disagreed.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Azokh_Cave.jpg","alt":"The interior of a limestone cave with scaffolding, lamps, and people working on a sediment face.","author":"Ліонкінг","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Azokh_Cave.jpg"}},{"id":"barbar-temple","title":"The Barbar temple","href":"/bahrain/barbar-temple","lat":26.226239,"lon":50.484031,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bahrain","place":"Barbar, northern Bahrain","countryName":"Bahrain","ageLabel":"Centuries around 2000 BC","ageQualifier":"three temples, and a copper bull under the floor","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three temples stacked at Barbar, a stair down to a spring, and a copper bull’s head under the floor of the second temple, dated by pottery and nudged earlier by radiocarbon.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Barbar_temple%2C_Dilmun_culture%2C_ca._3000-2000_BCE%3B_Bahrain_%288%29.jpg","alt":"Limestone platforms and dressed blocks of a low ruined temple, with a modern town on the horizon.","author":"Richard Mortel","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barbar_temple,_Dilmun_culture,_ca._3000-2000_BCE;_Bahrain_(8).jpg"}},{"id":"niah-deep-skull","title":"The Deep Skull at Niah","href":"/malaysia/niah-deep-skull","lat":3.815,"lon":113.781,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"malaysia","place":"West Mouth, Niah, Sarawak","countryName":"Malaysia","ageLabel":"About 46,000 to 34,000 years for the activity","ageQualifier":"the skull most likely near 37,000, after a long argument about intrusion","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A modern human skull from the West Mouth of Niah Great Cave, lifted in 1958 with a charcoal date near 40,000 years, later argued to be an intrusive burial, and then placed again in the Late Pleistocene.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/The_main_entrance_to_the_Niah_Caves_at_sunset..jpg/1280px-The_main_entrance_to_the_Niah_Caves_at_sunset..jpg","alt":"Looking out from a huge cave mouth onto rainforest, with a metal walkway on the right.","author":"Starlightchild","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_main_entrance_to_the_Niah_Caves_at_sunset..jpg"}},{"id":"dgb-sites","title":"The DGB sites","href":"/cameroon/dgb-sites","lat":10.86817,"lon":13.88149,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cameroon","place":"Northwestern Mandara Mountains, Extreme North","countryName":"Cameroon","ageLabel":"Mostly the 13th to 17th centuries","ageQualifier":"platforms for rain ritual, display, or defence","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Sixteen dry-stone terrace complexes in the Mandara Mountains, dated mainly to the 13th to 17th centuries, and read as forts, as chiefs’ ruins, and as places for rain and fertility rites.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Massif_de_Mora_Mont_Mandara.jpg/1280px-Massif_de_Mora_Mont_Mandara.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A steep slope of loose rounded boulders with a few people climbing, under a pale sky.","author":"Serieminou","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Massif_de_Mora_Mont_Mandara.jpg"}},{"id":"galgenberg-venus","title":"The Galgenberg figure","href":"/austria/galgenberg-venus","lat":48.440556,"lon":15.602778,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"austria","place":"Galgenberg, Stratzing","countryName":"Austria","ageLabel":"About 36,000 years, from the fire","ageQualifier":"charcoal at 31,000 to 32,000 radiocarbon years","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A green stone figure 7.2 centimetres high, found in eight pieces in 1988, dated from charcoal beside it, and read as a dancer, as the edge of the raw plaque, or as a hunter.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Venus_vom_Galgenberg.JPG","alt":"A small green stone figure on a dark ground, one arm raised, the other bent, legs apart, the surface speckled.","author":"Aiwok","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0 AT","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/at/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venus_vom_Galgenberg.JPG"}},{"id":"gateway-of-the-sun","title":"The Gate of the Sun","href":"/bolivia/gateway-of-the-sun","lat":-16.5547,"lon":-68.6736,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bolivia","place":"Tiwanaku","countryName":"Bolivia","ageLabel":"About AD 500 to 1000","ageQualifier":"calendar or deity","roomStatus":"open","summary":"One andesite gateway, a frieze read as a calendar, and a court aligned to the sun stand together here.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tiwanaku%2C_Bolivia_-_Gate_of_the_Sun%2C_2017.jpg/1280px-Tiwanaku%2C_Bolivia_-_Gate_of_the_Sun%2C_2017.jpg","alt":"A stone gateway cut from a single block, with a carved band across the top.","author":"Sasha India","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiwanaku,_Bolivia_-_Gate_of_the_Sun,_2017.jpg"}},{"id":"hawulti","title":"The Hawulti of Matara","href":"/eritrea/hawulti","lat":14.68768,"lon":39.41863,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"eritrea","place":"Matara, near Senafe","countryName":"Eritrea","ageLabel":"Stele placed in the 3rd or early 4th century","ageQualifier":"a disc and crescent, and a South Arabian or local hand","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stone stele about 5 metres high at Matara, with a disc-and-crescent device and a short inscription, dated by its letters to the 3rd or early 4th century, in a town whose South Arabian look is argued as a colony and as a local centre.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Balaw_Kalaw_%28metera%29%2C_stele_axumita_05.JPG/1280px-Balaw_Kalaw_%28metera%29%2C_stele_axumita_05.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A tall narrow stone stele standing in a dry plain, with a carved mark near the top and hills behind.","author":"Sailko","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balaw_Kalaw_(metera),_stele_axumita_05.JPG"}},{"id":"kabwe-skull","title":"The Kabwe skull","href":"/zambia/kabwe-skull","lat":-14.44341,"lon":28.44652,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"zambia","place":"Broken Hill mine, Kabwe","countryName":"Zambia","ageLabel":"About 299,000 years","ageQualifier":"a best estimate on a skull from a mine that is gone","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A nearly complete skull from the Broken Hill mine, long estimated at about 500,000 years and directly dated to about 299,000, give or take 25,000, while its species name is still not one name.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Broken_Hill_Skull_%28Replica01%29.jpg/1280px-Broken_Hill_Skull_%28Replica01%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A heavy-browed fossil skull facing the camera, with a broad nose and worn teeth, against black.","author":"Gerbil","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Broken_Hill_Skull_(Replica01).jpg"}},{"id":"maros-art","title":"The Maros paintings","href":"/indonesia/maros-art","lat":-4.9732,"lon":119.6555,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"indonesia","place":"Maros, South Sulawesi","countryName":"Indonesia","ageLabel":"Paint under cave calcite","ageQualifier":"minimum ages, not birthdays","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Pigs and a narrative scene, dated by the calcite that grew over them.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/maros-panels.svg","alt":"Diagram of the published sizes of Sulawesi painted pigs and a human-like figure.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07541-7"}},{"id":"mongolian-arc","title":"The Mongolian Arc","href":"/mongolia/mongolian-arc","lat":45.905017,"lon":115.372573,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mongolia","place":"Erdenetsagaan, Sükhbaatar","countryName":"Mongolia","ageLabel":"Jin dynasty, about AD 1150 to 1242 at one enclosure","ageQualifier":"a 405-kilometre ditch, dated at one fort","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A 405-kilometre frontier line in eastern Mongolia, a shallow ditch rather than a high wall, with one enclosure dated to the Jin dynasty and a dispute about whether it was built to fight or to channel traffic.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/mongolian-arc-ma03.svg","alt":"A diagram of a rectangular enclosure about 30 by 31 metres inside a trench about 4 metres wide.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2025.49"}},{"id":"pantheon","title":"The Pantheon","href":"/italy/pantheon","lat":41.8986,"lon":12.4768,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"italy","place":"Rome","countryName":"Italy","ageLabel":"AD 118 to 125 for the standing rotunda","ageQualifier":"an older name on the front, an untested mix in the dome","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An unreinforced dome 43.3 metres across, signed with another man's name, its mortar never the sample in the famous study.","callout":{"dx":40,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_Pantheon_dome%2C_Rome_%28Ank_Kumar%29_01.jpg/1280px-The_Pantheon_dome%2C_Rome_%28Ank_Kumar%29_01.jpg","alt":"The coffered concrete dome of the Pantheon seen from below, with a bright circular oculus.","author":"Ank Kumar","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Pantheon_dome,_Rome_(Ank_Kumar)_01.jpg"}},{"id":"angkor-barays","title":"The reservoirs and the city grid","href":"/cambodia/angkor-barays","lat":13.4342,"lon":103.7831,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cambodia","place":"The West Baray, west of Angkor Thom","countryName":"Cambodia","ageLabel":"A water network, 9th to 16th centuries","ageQualifier":"The West Baray is assumed to be early 11th century. The precise year is not known.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A city of ponds and canals, with one reservoir about 8 by 2 kilometres that still holds water, and long lines that later temples seem to share.","callout":{"dx":-52,"dy":12,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/West_Baray.jpg","alt":"The near shore of the West Baray, with people, stalls, and boats, and water stretching to the horizon.","author":"Vladimir.ira","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:West_Baray.jpg"}},{"id":"punta-del-este","title":"The rings at Punta del Este","href":"/cuba/punta-del-este","lat":21.55,"lon":-82.55,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cuba","place":"Punta del Este, Isla de la Juventud","countryName":"Cuba","ageLabel":"Pre-colonial pictographs, undated by radiocarbon","ageQualifier":"56 circles in red and black, read as a calendar and as a count","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A low cave at the southeast point of the Isla de la Juventud whose ceiling carries concentric circles, the largest set 28 red and 28 black, read as a lunar or solar count and as a local symbol whose sky bearing was never measured in the modern study.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Isla_de_la_Juventud.jpg","alt":"A satellite view of a large island in blue water, with white place-name labels on the land.","author":"NASA","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isla_de_la_Juventud.jpg"}},{"id":"nisa","title":"The Round Hall at Nisa","href":"/turkmenistan/nisa","lat":37.952,"lon":58.21,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkmenistan","place":"Old Nisa, Bagyr, near Ashgabat","countryName":"Turkmenistan","ageLabel":"Mid 3rd century BC into the early centuries CE","ageQualifier":"a round hall whose job is still temple, tomb, or heroon","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The Parthian citadel of Old Nisa, called Mithradatkert on an ostracon, with a round hall 17 metres across whose role as temple, mausoleum, or heroon is still open, and ivory rhytons stored in another building.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Nisa_Fortress.jpg","alt":"Excavated mudbrick rooms and a paved walkway on a hill, with mountains beyond.","author":"David Stanley","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nisa_Fortress.jpg"}},{"id":"salme-ships","title":"The Salme ships","href":"/estonia/salme-ships","lat":58.1675,"lon":22.250556,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"estonia","place":"Salme, Saaremaa","countryName":"Estonia","ageLabel":"Around AD 750","ageQualifier":"a crew from across the Baltic, dead in a fight","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Two ships buried at Salme with at least 41 men, swords and hawks, dated to the middle of the 8th century, and argued as a Swedish mission that ended in a battle.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Salme_m%C3%B5%C3%B5k.JPG","alt":"A rusted iron sword with a straight guard, stuck in soil beside a yellow corrugated pipe in a construction cut.","author":"Rsaage","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salme_m%C3%B5%C3%B5k.JPG"}},{"id":"begby-ships","title":"The ships at Begby","href":"/norway/begby-ships","lat":59.221,"lon":11.007,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"norway","place":"Gullskår, Begby, Fredrikstad","countryName":"Norway","ageLabel":"Bronze Age, roughly 1800 to 500 BC","ageQualifier":"ships and sun wheels on a slope that faces west-northwest","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A west-northwest slope at Begby with about 100 Bronze Age figures, ships, wagons, horses, and sun wheels, the red paint modern, the meaning split between a real boat and the sun’s journey.","callout":{"dx":-12,"dy":-24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Begby_skip_2018-09-07-9976.jpg/1280px-Begby_skip_2018-09-07-9976.jpg","alt":"A red-painted ship carving on grey rock, with a human figure standing in the hull and crew strokes along the side.","author":"Hans A. Rosbach","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Begby_skip_2018-09-07-9976.jpg"}},{"id":"trebenista-masks","title":"The Trebeništa masks","href":"/north-macedonia/trebenista-masks","lat":41.206389,"lon":20.755,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"north-macedonia","place":"Trebeništa, north of Ohrid","countryName":"North Macedonia","ageLabel":"End of the 6th century BC","ageQualifier":"a fifth mask, found in Ohrid, is 5th century","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Gold funeral masks from rich graves north of Ohrid, four of them from the end of the 6th century BC, and a long argument about who the dead were.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/National_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Bulgaria_-_Funeral_Mask_02.JPG","alt":"A thin gold mask of a face, with spiral borders, meander on the brow, closed eyes, and a torn edge, in a glass case.","author":"Mogadir","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:National_Archaeological_Museum,_Bulgaria_-_Funeral_Mask_02.JPG"}},{"id":"trialeti-goblet","title":"The Trialeti goblet","href":"/georgia/trialeti-goblet","lat":41.5,"lon":44.166667,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"georgia","place":"Trialeti plateau","countryName":"Georgia","ageLabel":"18th to 17th century BC, by comparison","ageQualifier":"a kurgan cup, early second millennium","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A silver cup from a Trialeti kurgan, with a procession of cup-bearers and a file of deer, read as a rite, a court, or a tree at the centre of a world.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Trialeti_silver_cup.JPG","alt":"A silver footed cup with two bands of figures, people and animals above and deer walking below.","author":"Jonathan Cardy","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trialeti_silver_cup.JPG"}},{"id":"uunartoq-disc","title":"The Uunartoq disc","href":"/greenland/uunartoq-disc","lat":60.49,"lon":-45.32,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"greenland","place":"Uunartoq fjord, southern Greenland","countryName":"Greenland","ageLabel":"About AD 1200","ageQualifier":"half an oak disc, read as a sun compass and as something else","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Half of a small oak disc from a Norse site in southern Greenland, about AD 1200, with notches and cut lines read as a sun compass for the equinox and the summer solstice, and also as a token that has nothing to do with navigation.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Uunartoq_Disc_Illustration.png","alt":"A drawing of a grey half-disc with triangular notches around the curved edge and straight and curved lines scratched across the face.","author":"Praenomen3","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uunartoq_Disc_Illustration.png"}},{"id":"wassenaar-grave","title":"The Wassenaar grave","href":"/netherlands/wassenaar-grave","lat":52.154,"lon":4.396,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"netherlands","place":"North side of Wassenaar, South Holland","countryName":"Netherlands","ageLabel":"About 1700 BC","ageQualifier":"charcoal from a grave of twelve, not a year on each bone","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Twelve people buried together on a low dune at Wassenaar, with an arrowhead between one man’s ribs and unhealed cuts on three others, dated from charcoal to about 1700 BC.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Landschap-Duin-Meijendel-Wassenaar-06.jpg","alt":"A still dune lake between green bushes under a pale blue sky.","author":"Marianne Cornelissen-Kuyt","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Landschap-Duin-Meijendel-Wassenaar-06.jpg"}},{"id":"white-lady","title":"The White Lady of the Brandberg","href":"/namibia/white-lady","lat":-21.12258,"lon":14.56059,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"namibia","place":"Maack shelter, Brandberg","countryName":"Namibia","ageLabel":"Paint of unpublished radiocarbon age","ageQualifier":"a Mediterranean woman in one reading, a local hunter in another","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A painted panel in the Brandberg whose central white figure was published as a young woman from the Mediterranean, and later as a local male figure with a bow.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Wei%C3%9Fe_Dame_Brandberg.JPG/1280px-Wei%C3%9Fe_Dame_Brandberg.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A rock panel of red-brown and white animals and human figures, with a pale striding figure near the centre holding a long weapon.","author":"Harald Süpfle","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wei%C3%9Fe_Dame_Brandberg.JPG"}},{"id":"tillya-tepe","title":"Tillya Tepe","href":"/afghanistan/tillya-tepe","lat":36.6944,"lon":65.7894,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"afghanistan","place":"near Sheberghan, Jowzjan","countryName":"Afghanistan","ageLabel":"Burials in the later first century CE","ageQualifier":"six graves in an older mound, and a mix of styles","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Six rich graves cut into an older mound near Sheberghan, dated to the later first century CE by coins, with gold that mixes steppe, Greek and local forms.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":14,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/TillyaTepeNecklace.jpg/1280px-TillyaTepeNecklace.jpg","alt":"A gold necklace of round beads with turquoise flower inlays, and two pointed end pieces, on a black mount.","author":"Artacoana","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TillyaTepeNecklace.jpg"}},{"id":"tin-hinan","title":"Tin Hinan tomb","href":"/algeria/tin-hinan","lat":22.89,"lon":4.8472,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"algeria","place":"Abalessa, Hoggar","countryName":"Algeria","ageLabel":"Wood at 470 ± 130 CE","ageQualifier":"a coin impression says not before 308","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stone building of eleven rooms under a cairn at Abalessa, with a woman’s burial, gold bracelets, and a date in the fourth or fifth century that the genealogies do not share.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tin_Hinan_Tomb_15.jpg/1280px-Tin_Hinan_Tomb_15.jpg","alt":"Stone walls of small fitted blocks forming rooms, with a sandy floor and loose rock piled at the corners, under a clear sky.","author":"Bernard Gagnon","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tin_Hinan_Tomb_15.jpg"}},{"id":"tiwanaku","title":"Tiwanaku","href":"/bolivia/tiwanaku","lat":-16.555,"lon":-68.6733,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bolivia","place":"Tiwanaku","countryName":"Bolivia","ageLabel":"From a village to an Andean capital","ageQualifier":"the stone is the argument","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A high ceremonial city of cut stone, stone giants and a sacred lake is older than the Incas who revered it.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tiwanaku%2C_Bolivia_-_Gate_of_the_Sun%2C_2017.jpg/1280px-Tiwanaku%2C_Bolivia_-_Gate_of_the_Sun%2C_2017.jpg","alt":"A stone gateway cut from a single block with a carved frieze.","author":"Sasha India","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiwanaku,_Bolivia_-_Gate_of_the_Sun,_2017.jpg"}},{"id":"toumai","title":"Toumaï","href":"/chad/toumai","lat":16.25,"lon":17.483,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"chad","place":"Toros-Menalla, Djurab Desert","countryName":"Chad","ageLabel":"Between about 7.2 and 6.8 million years","ageQualifier":"a crushed skull, and a femur argued both ways","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A crushed cranium from Toros-Menalla, dated by cosmogenic isotopes to between about 7.2 and 6.8 million years, with a brain the size of an ape’s and a thigh bone read as an early biped and as not habitually upright.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Sahelanthropus_tchadensis_-_TM_266-01-060-1.jpg/1280px-Sahelanthropus_tchadensis_-_TM_266-01-060-1.jpg","alt":"A cracked fossil skull in side view against a black background, heavy brow and small teeth.","author":"Didier Descouens","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sahelanthropus_tchadensis_-_TM_266-01-060-1.jpg"}},{"id":"varna-necropolis","title":"Varna necropolis","href":"/bulgaria/varna-necropolis","lat":43.213056,"lon":27.864444,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bulgaria","place":"western industrial zone of Varna","countryName":"Bulgaria","ageLabel":"About 4590 to 4340 BC","ageQualifier":"gold, empty graves, and what the gold was for","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Black Sea cemetery of about 4590 to 4340 BC, with some 6 kilograms of gold and graves that hold no body.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":14,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gold_treasure%2C_4600-4200_BC%2C_AM_Varna%2C_Varm24.jpg/1280px-Gold_treasure%2C_4600-4200_BC%2C_AM_Varna%2C_Varm24.jpg","alt":"Gold ornaments on a dark cloth, including bracelets, a square sheet, small discs, and a long gold-covered tool.","author":"Zde","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_treasure,_4600-4200_BC,_AM_Varna,_Varm24.jpg"}},{"id":"vela-spila","title":"Vela Spila","href":"/croatia/vela-spila","lat":42.969722,"lon":16.718333,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"croatia","place":"Vela Luka, Korčula","countryName":"Croatia","ageLabel":"About 17,500 to 15,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"fired clay from horizons dated on charcoal and bone","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Thirty-six pieces of fired clay from a cave on Korčula, from horizons of about 17,500 to 15,000 years ago, read as a second invention of ceramic figures.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":14,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Vela_spila_01526.JPG","alt":"The inside of a broad limestone cave, a bright mouth open to trees, and a group of visitors behind a rope.","author":"Quahadi","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vela_spila_01526.JPG"}},{"id":"vertesszolos","title":"Vértesszőlős","href":"/hungary/vertesszolos","lat":47.61884,"lon":18.3803,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"hungary","place":"Vértesszőlős, Gerecse","countryName":"Hungary","ageLabel":"About 315,000 or about 185,000 years","ageQualifier":"two uranium-series readings of the same travertine","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An adult occipital from a travertine quarry, found in 1965 with pebble tools and a footprint surface, and dated both near 315,000 years and near 185,000.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Homo_erectus_palaeohungaricus.JPG","alt":"A thick curved fragment of pale bone on blue cloth, the back of a skull, with a rough broken edge.","author":"Kiss Tamás","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_erectus_palaeohungaricus.JPG"}},{"id":"vinca-signs","title":"Vinča signs","href":"/serbia/vinca-signs","lat":44.7619,"lon":20.6231,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"serbia","place":"Vinča-Belo Brdo, on the Danube","countryName":"Serbia","ageLabel":"Late Neolithic, Vinča horizon","ageQualifier":"the signs are older than proto-cuneiform if the pots are","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Incised marks on Vinča pots and figurines, read as owners’ marks and as a notation that has not been shown to write speech.","callout":{"dx":12,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Vinca_pottery_1a.jpg/1280px-Vinca_pottery_1a.jpg","alt":"Three dark pottery vessels in a museum case, a footed bowl in front, a large jar behind, and a small broken cup on a block.","author":"Sanja2509","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vinca_pottery_1a.jpg"}},{"id":"wairau-bar","title":"Wairau Bar","href":"/new-zealand/wairau-bar","lat":-41.4983,"lon":174.0503,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"new-zealand","place":"the mouth of the Wairau River, Marlborough","countryName":"New Zealand","ageLabel":"About 1288 to 1300 CE","ageQualifier":"eggshell dates, after older charcoal dates were set aside","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An early East Polynesian settlement at the Wairau River mouth, with moa-eggshell dates of 1288–1300 CE, and older charcoal dates that measured the tree more than the fire.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Early_Maori_objects_from_Wairau_Bar%2C_Canterbury_Museum%2C_2016-01-27.jpg/1280px-Early_Maori_objects_from_Wairau_Bar%2C_Canterbury_Museum%2C_2016-01-27.jpg","alt":"A museum case of stone adzes, bone reels, a tooth necklace, and sinkers, with a printed card titled Wairau Bar collection.","author":"Szilas","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Early_Maori_objects_from_Wairau_Bar,_Canterbury_Museum,_2016-01-27.jpg"}},{"id":"walalde","title":"Walalde","href":"/senegal/walalde","lat":16.65271,"lon":-14.95867,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"senegal","place":"Middle Senegal Valley","countryName":"Senegal","ageLabel":"About 800 to 200 BC","ageQualifier":"iron that may be made here, or only used here","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A five-hectare site in the Middle Senegal Valley where iron-using herders arrive by 800 to 550 BC, and smelting debris appears after 550 BC, inside the wider argument about how early West African iron is.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/WL-S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal-Podor-le_Bou_El_Mogdad_et_un_vieux_rafiot.jpg/1280px-WL-S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal-Podor-le_Bou_El_Mogdad_et_un_vieux_rafiot.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Riverboats moored at a bank, with a wide river and trees behind them.","author":"WILLAV-FR","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WL-S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal-Podor-le_Bou_El_Mogdad_et_un_vieux_rafiot.jpg"}},{"id":"wurdi-youang","title":"Wurdi Youang","href":"/australia/wurdi-youang","lat":-37.875,"lon":144.4578,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"australia","place":"near Little River, Victoria, Wathaurong country","countryName":"Australia","ageLabel":"Aboriginal, and undated","ageQualifier":"solstice and equinox alignments, with no excavation date","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An egg-shaped ring of about 100 basalt stones in Victoria, aligned to the setting sun at the solstices and equinoxes, and not dated by excavation.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":12,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Wurdi_Youang.jpg","alt":"Three lichen-covered stones in dry grass, with a black bag beside them and low hills on the horizon.","author":"Ray Norris","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wurdi_Youang.jpg"}},{"id":"yeha","title":"Yeha","href":"/ethiopia/yeha","lat":14.286,"lon":39.018,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ethiopia","place":"Yeha, Tigray","countryName":"Ethiopia","ageLabel":"A temple before Aksum","ageQualifier":"Sabaean inscriptions on the blocks. The kingdom is pre-Aksumite.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stone temple at Yeha whose blocks carry Sabaean letters, older than the Aksumite stelae.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-32,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Detail%2C_Temple_Wall%2C_Yeha%2C_Ethiopia._%283135501431%29.jpg","alt":"Close-fitted stone courses in the temple wall at Yeha.","author":"A. Davey","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Detail,_Temple_Wall,_Yeha,_Ethiopia._(3135501431).jpg"}},{"id":"zapatera","title":"Zapatera statues","href":"/nicaragua/zapatera","lat":11.73863,"lon":-85.83402,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"nicaragua","place":"Isla Zapatera, Lake Nicaragua","countryName":"Nicaragua","ageLabel":"About AD 800 to 1200","ageQualifier":"surface pottery, and statues that may have been moved","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Basalt statues of a person with an animal, from Zapatera Island, dated to about AD 800 to 1200 by pottery found around them, with the date and the people who carved them both still open.","callout":{"dx":26,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nicaragua-060.jpg/1280px-Nicaragua-060.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A large basalt statue of a crouched human figure with an animal mass above the shoulders, indoors on a paved floor.","author":"BluesyPete","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nicaragua-060.jpg"}},{"id":"zorats-karer","title":"Zorats Karer","href":"/armenia/zorats-karer","lat":39.5507,"lon":46.0286,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"armenia","place":"3 km north of Sisian, Syunik","countryName":"Armenia","ageLabel":"Middle Bronze Age into the Iron Age, or a much older observatory","ageQualifier":"holes in the stones, and burials in the ground","roomStatus":"open","summary":"223 basalt stones near Sisian, some pierced, read as a necropolis and also as a sighting instrument.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Zorats_Karer_2008%2C_part_of_the_stone_circle.jpg/1280px-Zorats_Karer_2008%2C_part_of_the_stone_circle.jpg","alt":"Basalt standing stones on a dry ridge, one of them painted with the number 13, with hills and a mast beyond.","author":"Rita Willaert","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zorats_Karer_2008,_part_of_the_stone_circle.jpg"}},{"id":"abu-rawash","title":"Abu Rawash","href":"/egypt/abu-rawash","lat":30.032,"lon":31.075,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Abu Rawash","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"Fourth Dynasty","ageQualifier":"mostly destroyed","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Djedefre’s ruined pyramid, north of Giza.","callout":{"dx":-80,"dy":-40,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Abu_Rawash_Pyramid.jpg","alt":"The ruined pyramid at Abu Rawash.","author":"AhlyMan","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abu_Rawash_Pyramid.jpg"}},{"id":"culture-bringers","title":"Accounts of the teachers","href":"/ocean/culture-bringers","lat":0,"lon":-30,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":null,"place":"Told in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mexico, and the Andes","countryName":null,"ageLabel":"Texts and carvings, many centuries apart","ageQualifier":"testimony, not a route","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Four old accounts of a teacher who brought the arts, weighed as testimony without a shared road.","callout":{"dx":0,"dy":0,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/teacher-accounts.svg","alt":"Four separate boxes naming the apkallu, Osiris, the feathered serpent, and Viracocha, with no line between them.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/berossus"}},{"id":"avebury","title":"Avebury","href":"/united-kingdom/avebury","lat":51.4286,"lon":-1.8544,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-kingdom","place":"Avebury, Wiltshire, England","countryName":"United Kingdom","ageLabel":"About 2850 to 2200 BC","ageQualifier":"Built and altered over six centuries, around a place marked as early as about 3500 BC.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Avebury is a village inside a stone circle, inside a ditch once nine metres deep, around a square that may mark a house of 3500 BC.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Avebury_Stone_Circles.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Avebury from inside the henge.","author":"Rxfelix","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avebury_Stone_Circles.jpg"}},{"id":"cerro-pintados","title":"Cerro Pintados","href":"/chile/cerro-pintados","lat":-20.43,"lon":-69.72,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"chile","place":"Pampa del Tamarugal","countryName":"Chile","ageLabel":"About 900 to 1500 CE","ageQualifier":"route, rite, or both","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Hundreds of figures on a desert slope, route or rite.","callout":{"dx":30,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Cerros_Pintados%2C_Pampa_del_Tamarugal%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-11%2C_DD_106.jpg/1280px-Cerros_Pintados%2C_Pampa_del_Tamarugal%2C_Chile%2C_2016-02-11%2C_DD_106.jpg","alt":"Geoglyphs on the slopes at Pintados.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cerros_Pintados,_Pampa_del_Tamarugal,_Chile,_2016-02-11,_DD_106.jpg"}},{"id":"chogha-zanbil","title":"Chogha Zanbil","href":"/iran/chogha-zanbil","lat":32.0083,"lon":48.5208,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iran","place":"Near Shush, Khuzestan","countryName":"Iran","ageLabel":"About 1250 BC","ageQualifier":"Elamite ziggurat","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The best preserved ziggurat on Earth, a stepped brick tower the Elamites raised for their gods and then lost under a mound until 1935.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Zigorat_Chogha_Zanbil_Temple.jpg/1280px-Zigorat_Chogha_Zanbil_Temple.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The face of the brick ziggurat with a central stairway and a paved court in front.","author":"Atsed","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zigorat_Chogha_Zanbil_Temple.jpg"}},{"id":"cholula","title":"Cholula","href":"/mexico/cholula","lat":19.0584,"lon":-98.3019,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"Cholula, Puebla","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"3rd century BCE to the 9th century CE","ageQualifier":"One record's span for a mound built in stages. The height is not agreed.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The largest pyramid by the volume one record prints, about 4.45 million cubic metres, under a church and a grassy hill.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-40,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gran_Pir%C3%A1mide_de_Cholula%2C_Puebla%2C_M%C3%A9xico%2C_2013-10-12%2C_DD_10.JPG","alt":"The Great Pyramid of Cholula, a grassy mound with the church of Los Remedios on top.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gran_Pir%C3%A1mide_de_Cholula,_Puebla,_M%C3%A9xico,_2013-10-12,_DD_10.JPG"}},{"id":"gavrinis","title":"Gavrinis","href":"/france/gavrinis","lat":47.5717,"lon":-2.8986,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"france","place":"Gavrinis island, Gulf of Morbihan, Brittany","countryName":"France","ageLabel":"About 3500 BC","ageQualifier":"late fifth to early fourth millennium BC for the passage grave","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A passage grave whose stones are covered in carved spirals and axes, linked by one broken ceiling slab to the Table des Marchands at Locmariaquer.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Cairn_de_Gavrinis_par_drone_-_vue_1.jpg/1280px-Cairn_de_Gavrinis_par_drone_-_vue_1.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A stone cairn on a green island, seen from a drone above the Gulf of Morbihan.","author":"Pierre F631","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cairn_de_Gavrinis_par_drone_-_vue_1.jpg"}},{"id":"giants-tombs","title":"Giants' tombs","href":"/italy/giants-tombs","lat":41.05025,"lon":9.3558,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"italy","place":"Coddu Vecchiu, Arzachena, Sardinia","countryName":"Italy","ageLabel":"About 1800 to 1400 BC in two phases","ageQualifier":"an older gallery, then the great front","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A curved court and a stele with a hole at its foot, built for many dead, not for a measured giant.","callout":{"dx":36,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tomba_dei_Giganti_di_Coddu_Ecchju_-_vista_frontale.jpg/1280px-Tomba_dei_Giganti_di_Coddu_Ecchju_-_vista_frontale.jpg","alt":"A tall rounded granite stele with a small opening at its base, flanked by upright slabs.","author":"Steddie1970","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tomba_dei_Giganti_di_Coddu_Ecchju_-_vista_frontale.jpg"}},{"id":"guayabo","title":"Guayabo","href":"/costa-rica/guayabo","lat":9.9724,"lon":-83.6914,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"costa-rica","place":"Turrialba","countryName":"Costa Rica","ageLabel":"From about 1000 BC","ageQualifier":"aqueducts and paved roads","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A highland town of stone aqueducts that still carry water, in places.","callout":{"dx":34,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Guayabo.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Cobble pavement and a circular stone-faced mound at Guayabo under forest.","author":"Lutz Maertens","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guayabo.jpg"}},{"id":"kaymakli","title":"Kaymaklı","href":"/turkey/kaymakli","lat":38.4656,"lon":34.7506,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Nevşehir, Cappadocia","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"Multi-period","ageQualifier":"origins debated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An underground city around one air shaft.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/A_circular_door_at_Kaymakli_Underground_City.jpg/1280px-A_circular_door_at_Kaymakli_Underground_City.jpg","alt":"A round stone door at Kaymaklı, set to close a corridor from the inside.","author":"Slyronit","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_circular_door_at_Kaymakli_Underground_City.jpg"}},{"id":"kostenki","title":"Kostenki","href":"/russia/kostenki","lat":51.3925,"lon":39.0475,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Kostenki, Voronezh region","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"About 45,000 to 20,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"the Ice Age villages of the Don","roomStatus":"open","summary":"More than 20 Ice Age camps on the Don, with some of the oldest modern humans in Europe and rings built of mammoth bone.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":-22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8._-_panoramio.jpg/1280px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8._-_panoramio.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A museum hall built over a floor of excavated mammoth bones.","author":"Наталья Филатова","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8._-_panoramio.jpg"}},{"id":"lanse-aux-meadows","title":"L'Anse aux Meadows","href":"/canada/lanse-aux-meadows","lat":51.5952,"lon":-55.5331,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"canada","place":"Epaves Bay, Great Northern Peninsula, Newfoundland","countryName":"Canada","ageLabel":"Early 11th century","ageQualifier":"a 2021 study's best fit is the year 1021","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Eight sod buildings on a Newfoundland terrace, excavated from 1961 to 1968. A 2021 study's best fit for three cut trees is the year 1021. Published readings differ on a gateway, Leif Eriksson's camp, or Vinland itself, on how long the place was used, and on a second site at Point Rosee.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Replica_hall_at_L%27Anse_aux_Meadows_National_Historic_Site_-_Newfoundland%2C_Canada_-_6_July_2012.jpg","alt":"A long sod-roofed hall with timber door frames and white smoke hoods, beside a gravel path, with the sea on the horizon.","author":"TravelingOtter","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Replica_hall_at_L%27Anse_aux_Meadows_National_Historic_Site_-_Newfoundland,_Canada_-_6_July_2012.jpg"}},{"id":"machu-picchu","title":"Machu Picchu","href":"/peru/machu-picchu","lat":-13.1631,"lon":-72.545,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"The ridge above the Urubamba","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"About 1420 to 1532","ageQualifier":"Radiocarbon of 26 people buried at the estate, not a date of each wall.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An Inca royal estate whose burials start about two decades before the chronicle year, with earthquake damage in the fine polygonal courses.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Machu_Picchu%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-30%2C_DD_47.JPG","alt":"Machu Picchu on its ridge, with the peak of Huayna Picchu behind the terraces and buildings.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Machu_Picchu,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-30,_DD_47.JPG"}},{"id":"mahendraparvata","title":"Mahendraparvata, on Phnom Kulen","href":"/cambodia/mahendraparvata","lat":13.568,"lon":104.101,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cambodia","place":"Phnom Kulen, northeast of Angkor","countryName":"Cambodia","ageLabel":"8th to 9th century, from the inscriptions","ageQualifier":"The laser flight was 2012. It mapped streets. It did not mint a new date.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A capital the inscriptions already named, whose streets showed up under the forest only when a laser survey stripped the trees. A walk still shows ruins, a carved river, and living worship.","callout":{"dx":-30,"dy":-48,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Ruines_dun_temple_khmer_%28Phnom_Kulen%29_%286825022133%29.jpg","alt":"A collapsed brick and stone temple in forest on Phnom Kulen, with loose blocks in front.","author":"dalbera from Paris, France","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ruines_dun_temple_khmer_(Phnom_Kulen)_(6825022133).jpg"}},{"id":"maryam-tsion","title":"Maryam Tsion and the Ark","href":"/ethiopia/maryam-tsion","lat":14.1308,"lon":38.7202,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ethiopia","place":"Chapel of the Tablet, Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion, Aksum","countryName":"Ethiopia","ageLabel":"Living claim; chapel rebuilt in the twentieth century","ageQualifier":"The object itself is unseen by visitors. Access is limited to one guardian.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Ethiopia's holiest church claims the Ark of the Covenant; only one monk may see it. Holy-Grail rumors are weighed beside the tabot tradition.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-40,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/The_Chapel_Of_The_Tablet%2C_Axum%2C_Ethiopia_%282842610803%29.jpg","alt":"The Chapel of the Tablet at Aksum, a small building behind a fence.","author":"A. Davey","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Chapel_Of_The_Tablet,_Axum,_Ethiopia_(2842610803).jpg"}},{"id":"nakbe","title":"Nakbe","href":"/guatemala/nakbe","lat":17.6833,"lon":-89.85,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"guatemala","place":"Mirador Basin, Petén","countryName":"Guatemala","ageLabel":"About 1400 BC to AD 200","ageQualifier":"Early Maya city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"One of the oldest Maya cities, already raising monuments and laying raised roads by the 8th century BC.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Temple_1_Nakbe%2C_from_plaza_%283265902629%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A steep mound covered in forest, rising out of a clearing.","author":"Greg Willis from Denver, CO, usa","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Temple_1_Nakbe,_from_plaza_(3265902629).jpg"}},{"id":"serpent-mound","title":"Serpent Mound","href":"/united-states/serpent-mound","lat":39.022,"lon":-83.431,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Adams County, Ohio","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"Adena or Fort Ancient","ageQualifier":"the charcoal and the soil disagree","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An earthen snake lies on the rim of an impact crater, dated two ways, and a solstice sightline that still will not choose the century.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Serpent_mound_8438.jpg","alt":"A grassy earthen ridge winds in long curves across a mowed hill, and a path runs beside it.","author":"Pollinator","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Serpent_mound_8438.jpg"}},{"id":"tartessos","title":"Tartessos","href":"/spain/tartessos","lat":37.257,"lon":-6.949,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"spain","place":"Southwest Iberia","countryName":"Spain","ageLabel":"About 900 to 500 BC","ageQualifier":"texts older than the digs; digs denser after 750 BC","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A wealthy southwest named in Greek and Roman texts, now pinned by sanctuaries and gold.","callout":{"dx":34,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Tesoro_del_Carambolo_-_Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_de_Sevilla.jpg","alt":"Gold of the Carambolo treasure.","author":"José Antonio Montero Fernández","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tesoro_del_Carambolo_-_Museo_Arqueológico_de_Sevilla.jpg"}},{"id":"cart-ruts","title":"The cart ruts","href":"/malta/cart-ruts","lat":35.851,"lon":14.397,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"malta","place":"Misrah Ghar il-Kbir","countryName":"Malta","ageLabel":"Mostly Classical, some Roman","ageQualifier":"the date was the fight","roomStatus":"open","summary":"There are 2,628 pairs of grooves, mostly Classical, and the purpose is still open.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Surcos_prehist%C3%B3ricos%2C_Clapham_Junction%2C_isla_de_Malta%2C_Malta%2C_2021-08-21%2C_DD_76.jpg/1280px-Surcos_prehist%C3%B3ricos%2C_Clapham_Junction%2C_isla_de_Malta%2C_Malta%2C_2021-08-21%2C_DD_76.jpg","alt":"Pairs of cart ruts in the limestone at Misrah Ghar il-Kbir.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surcos_prehist%C3%B3ricos,_Clapham_Junction,_isla_de_Malta,_Malta,_2021-08-21,_DD_76.jpg"}},{"id":"iron-pillar","title":"The iron pillar in Delhi","href":"/india/iron-pillar","lat":28.5245,"lon":77.1855,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Qutb complex, Delhi","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"Ancient wrought iron","ageQualifier":"the film is explained, the forge is not","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A shaft that barely rusts. Phosphorus and the weather are the account of the film. Forging this mass again has not been done. The inscription is read as Chandra's standard of Vishnu at Vishnupadagiri, a hill left open between Udayagiri and Mathura.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-32,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Iron_Pillar%2C_Delhi%2C_May_2008.jpg","alt":"The iron pillar standing in the Qutb complex in Delhi.","author":"Mark A. Wilson","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iron_Pillar,_Delhi,_May_2008.jpg"}},{"id":"titicaca-shore","title":"The lake and the city","href":"/bolivia/titicaca-shore","lat":-16.555,"lon":-68.67,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bolivia","place":"Tiwanaku","countryName":"Bolivia","ageLabel":"About AD 500 to 1100","ageQualifier":"the water was lower","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Tiwanaku stands inland. Its lake was lower then, and the lake was where its gods were born.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/tiwanaku-shore.svg","alt":"A diagram showing the city above the lake, with lower past water levels marked.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/secrets-tiwanaku-revealed-drone"}},{"id":"pnyx-wall","title":"The Pnyx wall","href":"/greece/pnyx-wall","lat":37.9715,"lon":23.7194,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"greece","place":"The Pnyx, Athens","countryName":"Greece","ageLabel":"Great wall, later 4th century BCE","ageQualifier":"Pottery in the fill. The first full publication read the wall as Roman.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A huge fitted limestone retaining wall for the Athenian assembly, placed by the fill in the later 4th century BCE.","callout":{"dx":-96,"dy":14,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pnyx_III_retaining_wall_from_NE.jpg/1280px-Pnyx_III_retaining_wall_from_NE.jpg","alt":"A long wall of large pale limestone blocks above a rocky slope, with trees along the top.","author":"Mark Landon","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pnyx_III_retaining_wall_from_NE.jpg"}},{"id":"upano","title":"The Upano towns","href":"/ecuador/upano","lat":-2.3046,"lon":-78.1175,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ecuador","place":"Macas, Morona-Santiago","countryName":"Ecuador","ageLabel":"About 500 BCE to 600 CE","ageQualifier":"platforms, fields, and roads","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Thousands of earthen platforms and long straight roads in the Upano Valley.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/upano-platforms.svg","alt":"Diagram of Upano platform groups, the Kilamope platform, and dug-road widths.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi6317"}},{"id":"yonaguni","title":"The Yonaguni formation","href":"/japan/yonaguni","lat":24.4361,"lon":123.011,"placement":"coast","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"japan","place":"Off Yonaguni, Okinawa","countryName":"Japan","ageLabel":"Sandstone under the sea","ageQualifier":"cut, or jointed","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Flat underwater faces off Yonaguni. One survey says cut. A later one says erosion.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/At_the_Yonaguni_Monument.jpg/1280px-At_the_Yonaguni_Monument.jpg","alt":"Flat sandstone faces of the underwater formation off Yonaguni.","author":"Melkov","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:At_the_Yonaguni_Monument.jpg"}},{"id":"tyre","title":"Tyre","href":"/lebanon/tyre","lat":33.2705,"lon":35.1964,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"lebanon","place":"Tyre (Sour)","countryName":"Lebanon","ageLabel":"About 2750 BC to today","ageQualifier":"an island city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An island city whose priests told Herodotus it was 2,300 years old, joined to the land by Alexander.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Tyre_Ruins-Triumph_arch-1.jpg/1280px-Tyre_Ruins-Triumph_arch-1.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A Roman stone arch at the end of a paved road.","author":"Oussama Tahmaz","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tyre_Ruins-Triumph_arch-1.jpg"}},{"id":"akapana-kalasasaya","title":"Akapana and Kalasasaya","href":"/bolivia/akapana-kalasasaya","lat":-16.5545,"lon":-68.6735,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bolivia","place":"Tiwanaku","countryName":"Bolivia","ageLabel":"About 200 BC to AD 1000","ageQualifier":"platform, court and sunken temple","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A man-made stepped platform stands with a court aligned to the sun and a sunken temple of carved heads.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Akapana.JPG/1280px-Akapana.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A terraced stone wall with a stairway.","author":"Christian Bermudez","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Akapana.JPG"}},{"id":"barnenez","title":"Barnenez","href":"/france/barnenez","lat":48.6675,"lon":-3.8586,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"france","place":"Plouezoc'h, Finistère, Brittany","countryName":"France","ageLabel":"About 4800 to 4000 BC","ageQualifier":"primary cairn among Europe’s oldest large stone monuments","roomStatus":"open","summary":"On the north coast of Brittany, a vast stepped cairn holds eleven passage chambers, begun in the fifth millennium BC.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Barnenez_front2.jpg/1280px-Barnenez_front2.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The dry-stone face of the Barnenez cairn, with several dark chamber mouths.","author":"NewPapillon","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barnenez_front2.jpg"}},{"id":"el-castillo","title":"Cave of El Castillo","href":"/spain/el-castillo","lat":43.292,"lon":-3.965,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"spain","place":"Puente Viesgo, Cantabria","countryName":"Spain","ageLabel":"At least about 40,800 years for some marks","ageQualifier":"uranium-series minima — contested open-system debate","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Hand stencils and a red disk whose calcite crusts give some of the oldest published ages for cave art in Europe.","callout":{"dx":30,"dy":20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Panel_de_manos_de_la_cueva_del_Castillo.jpg/1280px-Panel_de_manos_de_la_cueva_del_Castillo.jpg","alt":"Panel of red hand stencils in El Castillo cave.","author":"Gabinete de Prensa del Gobierno de Cantabria","license":"CC BY 3.0 es","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panel_de_manos_de_la_cueva_del_Castillo.jpg"}},{"id":"chaco-canyon","title":"Chaco Canyon","href":"/united-states/chaco-canyon","lat":36.061,"lon":-107.961,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"About AD 850 to 1150","ageQualifier":"great-house centuries","roomStatus":"open","summary":"In a dry canyon, great houses and strikingly straight roads still stand, and on Fajada Butte a dagger of light once crossed a spiral before the stones shifted.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Pueblo_Bonito_Aerial_Raven_%28bc87a8a8-2cb8-4758-88ab-36e3b5d617f7%29.jpg","alt":"Snow dusts a D-shaped ruin of many rooms in the canyon, seen from the cliff, and a raven sits on the foreground rock.","author":"National Park Service","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pueblo_Bonito_Aerial_Raven_(bc87a8a8-2cb8-4758-88ab-36e3b5d617f7).jpg"}},{"id":"antarctic-forests","title":"Forests and the ice","href":"/antarctica/antarctic-forests","lat":-64.26,"lon":-56.75,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"antarctica","place":"Seymour Island, off the Antarctic Peninsula","countryName":"Antarctica","ageLabel":"Forests into the Eocene","ageQualifier":"ice sheets grow from about 34 million years ago","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A continent that grew forests inside the polar circle, then took on its ice sheet about 34 million years ago. No city has been published from under the ice.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Glossopteris_sp._%28fossil_leaf%29_%28Permian%3B_Antarctica%29_1_%2849063572172%29.jpg","alt":"A dark fossil leaf with a strong midrib and fine veins, in grey rock.","author":"James St. John","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glossopteris_sp._(fossil_leaf)_(Permian;_Antarctica)_1_(49063572172).jpg"}},{"id":"gunung-padang","title":"Gunung Padang","href":"/indonesia/gunung-padang","lat":-6.994,"lon":107.0563,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"indonesia","place":"Cianjur, West Java","countryName":"Indonesia","ageLabel":"Stone terraces on a hill","ageQualifier":"and a retracted deeper date","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Five stone terraces, and a pyramid claim the journal withdrew.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Situs_Megalithikum_Gunung_Padang.jpg/1280px-Situs_Megalithikum_Gunung_Padang.jpg","alt":"Two standing andesite columns on a terrace at Gunung Padang.","author":"Arie Basuki","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Situs_Megalithikum_Gunung_Padang.jpg"}},{"id":"tara","title":"Hill of Tara","href":"/ireland/tara","lat":53.5789,"lon":-6.6122,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ireland","place":"County Meath","countryName":"Ireland","ageLabel":"Passage tomb about 3000 BC; kingship landscape through the Iron Age and into early medieval memory","ageQualifier":"many monuments, many clocks","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Neolithic passage tomb under a ridge that early Irish texts call the seat of the high kings.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Mound_of_the_Hostages%2C_Hill_of_Tara_2018-07-24.jpg/1280px-Mound_of_the_Hostages%2C_Hill_of_Tara_2018-07-24.jpg","alt":"Grass mound of the Mound of the Hostages at Tara, with a stone-framed entrance and a metal gate.","author":"August Schwerdfeger","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mound_of_the_Hostages,_Hill_of_Tara_2018-07-24.jpg"}},{"id":"kbal-spean","title":"Kbal Spean, the carved river","href":"/cambodia/kbal-spean","lat":13.6869,"lon":104.0156,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cambodia","place":"Kbal Spean, on the southwest slopes of Phnom Kulen","countryName":"Cambodia","ageLabel":"Carvings in the living riverbed","ageQualifier":"The common name says a thousand. These frames are not a count.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A river whose bed and banks are carved with rows of bosses, a square basin, and figures, so the water runs over the sculpture. The thousand is a name, not a count from these frames.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-44,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Angkor-Kbal_Spean-04-Lingams-2007-gje.jpg","alt":"A riverbed at Kbal Spean carved with rows of bosses, a small cascade, and reliefs on the rock.","author":"Gerd Eichmann","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Angkor-Kbal_Spean-04-Lingams-2007-gje.jpg"}},{"id":"lalibela","title":"Lalibela","href":"/ethiopia/lalibela","lat":12.031,"lon":39.047,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ethiopia","place":"The highlands of Lasta","countryName":"Ethiopia","ageLabel":"Eleven churches, cut in the rock","ageQualifier":"12th century in the brief synthesis, 13th in the short description. No volume is printed.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Eleven churches carved down out of the living rock, a New Jerusalem still in use, with Bete Giyorgis standing alone in its pit.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-40,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Bet_Giyorgis_%285499039208%29.jpg","alt":"Bete Giyorgis at Lalibela, a cross-shaped church standing in a pit cut from the rock, seen from above.","author":"Katie Hunt","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bet_Giyorgis_(5499039208).jpg"}},{"id":"monte-d-accoddi","title":"Monte d'Accoddi","href":"/italy/monte-d-accoddi","lat":40.79111111,"lon":8.44888889,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"italy","place":"Sassari, Sardinia","countryName":"Italy","ageLabel":"About 4000 to 3000 BC for the two terraces","ageQualifier":"a stepped altar with two published heights","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A ramp and a stone terrace older than the nuraghi, unique in the west, compared with ziggurats and not shown to be one.","callout":{"dx":-44,"dy":-20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Altare_prenuragico_di_Monte_d%27Accoddi%2C_lato_est.jpg/1280px-Altare_prenuragico_di_Monte_d%27Accoddi%2C_lato_est.jpg","alt":"A stepped stone terrace with a long ramp, a person for scale, and a large round boulder in the foreground.","author":"Basilicofresco","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Altare_prenuragico_di_Monte_d%27Accoddi,_lato_est.jpg"}},{"id":"ollantaytambo","title":"Ollantaytambo","href":"/peru/ollantaytambo","lat":-13.2581,"lon":-72.2634,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"The fortress and town at the north end of the Sacred Valley","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"Unfinished in the Inca century","ageQualifier":"The work stopped, and a year for the first course is not a laboratory date.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Six rose-coloured monoliths on a terrace, and a quarry road across the Urubamba with about eighty blocks still lying on it.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Peru_-_Sacred_Valley_%26_Incan_Ruins_238_-_Ollantaytambo_ruins_%288115049949%29.jpg","alt":"The Wall of the Six Monoliths at Ollantaytambo, tall rose-coloured slabs with narrow stones between them.","author":"McKay Savage","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peru_-_Sacred_Valley_%26_Incan_Ruins_238_-_Ollantaytambo_ruins_(8115049949).jpg"}},{"id":"pavlopetri","title":"Pavlopetri","href":"/greece/pavlopetri","lat":36.517,"lon":22.983,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"greece","place":"Vatika Bay, Laconia","countryName":"Greece","ageLabel":"A town now under the bay","ageQualifier":"It is called the oldest submerged town plan, and a depth in metres is not adopted here.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Streets, buildings, and graves lie on the seabed of Vatika Bay. The plan is the evidence, and a surveyed depth is not in this room.","callout":{"dx":10,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/pavlopetri-plan.svg","alt":"A schematic street plan of Pavlopetri with no depth drawn.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavlopetri"}},{"id":"qrendi","title":"Qrendi temples","href":"/malta/qrendi","lat":35.8278,"lon":14.4422,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"malta","place":"Qrendi","countryName":"Malta","ageLabel":"4th millennium BCE, and later","ageQualifier":"the light on the stones","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Two temples stand above the sea, and the sun falls on their doorways.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%C4%A6a%C4%A1ar_Qim%2C_isla_de_Malta%2C_Malta%2C_2021-08-25%2C_DD_67.jpg/1280px-%C4%A6a%C4%A1ar_Qim%2C_isla_de_Malta%2C_Malta%2C_2021-08-25%2C_DD_67.jpg","alt":"The megalithic facade of Hagar Qim.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C4%A6a%C4%A1ar_Qim,_isla_de_Malta,_Malta,_2021-08-25,_DD_67.jpg"}},{"id":"rapa-nui","title":"Rapa Nui","href":"/chile/rapa-nui","lat":-27.122,"lon":-109.289,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"chile","place":"Rapa Nui","countryName":"Chile","ageLabel":"From the late first millennium","ageQualifier":"several questions","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Statues, fitted stone, unread signs, and a birdman rite.","callout":{"dx":40,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ahu_Tongariki_quince_moais.jpg/1280px-Ahu_Tongariki_quince_moais.jpg","alt":"The row of moai on Ahu Tongariki.","author":"Rocío Mantis","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ahu_Tongariki_quince_moais.jpg"}},{"id":"san-bartolo","title":"San Bartolo murals","href":"/guatemala/san-bartolo","lat":17.4833,"lon":-89.35,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"guatemala","place":"San Bartolo, Petén","countryName":"Guatemala","ageLabel":"About 300 BC to AD 100","ageQualifier":"Preclassic murals","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The oldest Maya murals of creation, painted about 100 BC and sealed inside a pyramid, with some of the earliest Maya writing.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/SBmural.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A fragment of painted plaster, with figures in red, black and cream.","author":"Authenticmaya","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SBmural.jpg"}},{"id":"sannai-maruyama","title":"Sannai-Maruyama","href":"/japan/sannai-maruyama","lat":40.8108,"lon":140.6972,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"japan","place":"Aomori City, Aomori","countryName":"Japan","ageLabel":"About 3900 to 2200 BC","ageQualifier":"Early to Middle Jōmon hub settlement","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A 40-hectare Jōmon settlement with metre-wide chestnut pillars and a plan that challenges the simple forager story.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/140913_Sannai-Maruyama_site_Aomori_Japan01bs6bs6.jpg/1280px-140913_Sannai-Maruyama_site_Aomori_Japan01bs6bs6.jpg","alt":"Reconstructed large pillar-supported building rising among trees at Sannai-Maruyama.","author":"663highland","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:140913_Sannai-Maruyama_site_Aomori_Japan01bs6bs6.jpg"}},{"id":"saqqara","title":"Saqqara","href":"/egypt/saqqara","lat":29.8713,"lon":31.2165,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Saqqara","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"Early dynastic to later","ageQualifier":"more than one question","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The first great stone pyramid is still argued.","callout":{"dx":-96,"dy":28,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Saqqara%2C_Pyramid_of_Djoser%2C_Ancient_Egypt.jpg/1280px-Saqqara%2C_Pyramid_of_Djoser%2C_Ancient_Egypt.jpg","alt":"The Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara.","author":"Vyacheslav Argenberg","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saqqara,_Pyramid_of_Djoser,_Ancient_Egypt.jpg"}},{"id":"sayburc","title":"Sayburç","href":"/turkey/sayburc","lat":37.11124,"lon":38.6207,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Şanlıurfa","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"11,000+ years","ageQualifier":"dates approximate","roomStatus":"open","summary":"One carved bench scene, still half under a modern village.","callout":{"dx":-36,"dy":24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Saybur%C3%A7_excavation_site.jpg/1920px-Saybur%C3%A7_excavation_site.jpg","alt":"The excavation at Sayburç: cut stone blocks in a trench, with visitors standing at its edge.","author":"Frantisek Trampota","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saybur%C3%A7_excavation_site.jpg"}},{"id":"sidon","title":"Sidon and the Temple of Eshmun","href":"/lebanon/sidon","lat":33.5631,"lon":35.3689,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"lebanon","place":"Sidon (Saida)","countryName":"Lebanon","ageLabel":"Bronze Age to today","ageQualifier":"healing god, royal coffins","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Phoenician city of a healing god, Egyptian-style royal coffins and the finest Greek sarcophagi ever found.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Echnoum_Libanon_032.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A massive stepped stone podium among ruins.","author":"Odilia","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Echnoum_Libanon_032.jpg"}},{"id":"silbury-hill","title":"Silbury Hill","href":"/united-kingdom/silbury-hill","lat":51.4157,"lon":-1.8573,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-kingdom","place":"Near Avebury, Wiltshire, England","countryName":"United Kingdom","ageLabel":"About 2470 to 2350 BC","ageQualifier":"Built in a short span, perhaps about a century. Its purpose is unknown.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Silbury Hill is the largest prehistoric mound in Europe, raised from chalk in about a century, with nothing found at its heart.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":40,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Silbury_Hill_DB.jpg/1280px-Silbury_Hill_DB.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Silbury Hill from the side.","author":"Dickbauch","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Silbury_Hill_DB.jpg"}},{"id":"sungir","title":"Sungir","href":"/russia/sungir","lat":56.1736,"lon":40.5025,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Sungir, Vladimir","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"About 34,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"beaded burials of the Ice Age","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Ice Age graves where an adult and two children were buried in clothes sewn with more than 13,000 ivory beads.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Sunghir_decorated_head.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A skull ringed by rows of small white beads in dark earth.","author":"José-Manuel Benito Álvarez","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sunghir_decorated_head.jpg"}},{"id":"susa","title":"Susa and the Code of Hammurabi","href":"/iran/susa","lat":32.1894,"lon":48.2575,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iran","place":"Shush, Khuzestan","countryName":"Iran","ageLabel":"Late 5th millennium BC to AD 1200","ageQualifier":"Elamite and Persian capital","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Six thousand years of a capital at Susa, and the stele of Hammurabi's laws, carried off to Iran as plunder and found there.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/P1050763_Louvre_code_Hammurabi_face_rwk.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A tall black stone stele covered in cuneiform, with a relief at the top.","author":"Mbzt","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P1050763_Louvre_code_Hammurabi_face_rwk.JPG"}},{"id":"barabar","title":"The Barabar caves","href":"/india/barabar","lat":25.005,"lon":85.064,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Barabar, Bihar","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"Mauryan granite","ageQualifier":"the polish is undated as a method","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Granite rooms polished like mirrors, one of them dated by an Asokan inscription to 261 BCE.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Barabar_inside_Sudama_cave.jpg","alt":"The polished granite interior of the Sudama cave at Barabar.","author":"Artistically","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barabar_inside_Sudama_cave.jpg"}},{"id":"fuente-magna","title":"The Fuente Magna","href":"/bolivia/fuente-magna","lat":-16.4955,"lon":-68.1365,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bolivia","place":"Museum of Precious Metals, La Paz","countryName":"Bolivia","ageLabel":"Uncertain","ageQualifier":"no documented context","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stone bowl from Lake Titicaca is said to carry Sumerian writing. Its story starts in 1950, with a farmer.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Museo_de_los_metales_preciosos%2C_La_Paz_01.jpg/1280px-Museo_de_los_metales_preciosos%2C_La_Paz_01.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A wide, shallow stone bowl with handles in a museum case.","author":"Yastay","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museo_de_los_metales_preciosos,_La_Paz_01.jpg"}},{"id":"valdivia","title":"Valdivia pottery","href":"/ecuador/valdivia","lat":-2.3723,"lon":-80.7105,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ecuador","place":"Real Alto, Santa Elena","countryName":"Ecuador","ageLabel":"Early pottery on the coast","ageQualifier":"local, or compared with Japan","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Early coastal pottery, and a contested likeness to Japanese Jomon wares.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cultura_Valdivia_-_figuras_antropomorfas_-_Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica_85-5-14%2C_88-2-77.jpg/1280px-Cultura_Valdivia_-_figuras_antropomorfas_-_Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica_85-5-14%2C_88-2-77.jpg","alt":"Two small human figurines of the Valdivia culture.","author":"Marsupium","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cultura_Valdivia_-_figuras_antropomorfas_-_Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica_85-5-14,_88-2-77.jpg"}},{"id":"valeriana","title":"Valeriana","href":"/mexico/valeriana","lat":18.55,"lon":-89.4,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"A lidar block in Campeche, beside Dos Lagunas","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"A capital in a 2013 forest scan","ageQualifier":"An E-group suggests a start before AD 150. That is a style, not charcoal.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Maya city found in environmental lidar, filling 16.6 square kilometres, with two monumental hubs two kilometres apart.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/valeriana-lidar.svg","alt":"Diagram of the Campeche lidar counts, with the whole survey kept apart from the Valeriana block.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/running-out-of-empty-space-environmental-lidar-and-the-crowded-ancient-landscape-of-campeche-mexico/FFDB435047017853F26CFC5D8804B08D"}},{"id":"aguada-fenix","title":"Aguada Fénix","href":"/mexico/aguada-fenix","lat":17.8,"lon":-91.15,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"Tabasco, near the Usumacinta","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"1000 to 800 BCE","ageQualifier":"Bayesian radiocarbon of the platform. A 2025 paper prints the width as 400 metres.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Maya platform 1,400 metres long and 10 to 15 metres high, with nine causeways, raised before the cities that were supposed to come first.","callout":{"dx":12,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Aguada_F%C3%A9nix_1.jpg","alt":"A lidar view of the long platform at Aguada Fénix, and of the lines that leave it.","author":"Takeshi Inomata","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aguada_F%C3%A9nix_1.jpg"}},{"id":"aguateca","title":"Aguateca","href":"/guatemala/aguateca","lat":16.4136,"lon":-90.1856,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"guatemala","place":"Petexbatún, Petén","countryName":"Guatemala","ageLabel":"About AD 700 to 810","ageQualifier":"Abandoned Maya city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Maya Pompeii: a royal city on a cliff, burned and abandoned with the households still lying where people left them.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Aguateca-plaza.jpg/1280px-Aguateca-plaza.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A carved stela stands in front of a stepped stone building, with forest behind it.","author":"Sébastian Homberger","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aguateca-plaza.jpg"}},{"id":"akrotiri","title":"Akrotiri","href":"/greece/akrotiri","lat":36.3516,"lon":25.4034,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"greece","place":"The south coast of Thera","countryName":"Greece","ageLabel":"Buried by the Thera eruption","ageQualifier":"The town is Bronze Age, and the year of the ash is still argued.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A multi-storey town was sealed by volcanic ash, with frescoes of daily work, and the eruption date is not one year.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Fisherman_Fresco_from_Akrotiri%2C_17th_c_BC%2C_PMTh%2C_226350.jpg","alt":"A fisherman from Akrotiri, painted on the wall of a house the ash preserved.","author":"Zde","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fisherman_Fresco_from_Akrotiri,_17th_c_BC,_PMTh,_226350.jpg"}},{"id":"beng-mealea","title":"Beng Mealea","href":"/cambodia/beng-mealea","lat":13.4756,"lon":104.2294,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cambodia","place":"Beng Mealea, east of the Angkor park","countryName":"Cambodia","ageLabel":"A galleried sandstone temple, largely on the ground","ageQualifier":"No enclosure length and no royal name are adopted.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Grey sandstone galleries, some still framed as doors and windows, most of them a pile of cut blocks under the trees. The standing door is the key to the heap.","callout":{"dx":26,"dy":36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/07-Beng_Mealea-nX-4.jpg","alt":"A carved stone doorway at Beng Mealea standing behind a pile of fallen blocks in the forest.","author":"PsamatheM","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:07-Beng_Mealea-nX-4.jpg"}},{"id":"channeled-scablands","title":"Channeled Scablands","href":"/united-states/channeled-scablands","lat":47.607,"lon":-119.365,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Dry Falls, Grand Coulee, Washington","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"About 17,000 to 13,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"last series of outburst floods","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Basalt coulees cut by ice-dam floods that returned again and again, a hypothesis fought for decades, and a single-catastrophe reading weighed against the beds.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Dry_Falls.jpg","alt":"A wide basalt cliff, with plunge pools at its foot and no river coming over the lip, under a clear sky.","author":"Ikiwaner","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dry_Falls.jpg"}},{"id":"southern-charts","title":"Charts of a southern land","href":"/antarctica/southern-charts","lat":-76,"lon":150,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"antarctica","place":"Library sheets of 1513, 1531, and 1754, pinned on the ice they are compared with","countryName":"Antarctica","ageLabel":"1513, 1531, and 1754","ageQualifier":"dates written on the sheets","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three charts draw land across the far south. One reading says they copy an older survey of an ice-free coast. Another says they extend a known shore, or a southern continent that mapmakers already liked to draw.","callout":{"dx":-24,"dy":-26,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Noua%2C_et_integra_uniuersi_orbis_descriptio_LOC_2005630228.jpg/1280px-Noua%2C_et_integra_uniuersi_orbis_descriptio_LOC_2005630228.jpg","alt":"A 1531 world map drawn as two hearts, the right-hand heart filled by a large southern land around a polar grid.","author":"Oronce Finé","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Noua,_et_integra_uniuersi_orbis_descriptio_LOC_2005630228.jpg"}},{"id":"tayos","title":"Cueva de los Tayos","href":"/ecuador/tayos","lat":-3.0521,"lon":-78.2054,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ecuador","place":"Santiago, Morona-Santiago","countryName":"Ecuador","ageLabel":"A natural cave, and a library claim","ageQualifier":"sherds, and no metal catalogue","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Shuar cave with pottery in the record, and a claim of metal plates.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/tayos-cave.svg","alt":"Diagram of a cave with recorded sherds and a dashed space where metal plates were not catalogued.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://repositorio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/server/api/core/bitstreams/6ec5de29-1831-4e6c-ae0e-6aebd6c9adf5/content"}},{"id":"dahshur","title":"Dahshur","href":"/egypt/dahshur","lat":29.79,"lon":31.209,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Dahshur","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"Fourth Dynasty","ageQualifier":"Sneferu’s two experiments","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A pyramid that bends, then a straight one.","callout":{"dx":70,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/11-degree_angle_change_of_the_Bent_Pyramid_at_Dahshur.jpg/1280px-11-degree_angle_change_of_the_Bent_Pyramid_at_Dahshur.jpg","alt":"One edge of the Bent Pyramid against a hazy sky, the slope changing partway up.","author":"Darer101","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:11-degree_angle_change_of_the_Bent_Pyramid_at_Dahshur.jpg"}},{"id":"denisova-cave","title":"Denisova Cave","href":"/russia/denisova-cave","lat":51.3975,"lon":84.6761,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Denisova Cave, Altai Krai","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"About 300,000 to 20,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"home of a lost human population","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A small Siberian cave that revealed a lost human population, a child of two species, and a polished stone bracelet.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0._01.jpg/1280px-%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0._01.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A dark cave mouth at the foot of a limestone cliff in woods.","author":"Демин Алексей Барнаул","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0._01.jpg"}},{"id":"dholavira","title":"Dholavira","href":"/india/dholavira","lat":23.8884,"lon":70.2133,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Khadir, Gujarat","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"Harappan city","ageQualifier":"the signs are unread","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A planned city of reservoirs and a ten-sign board that has not been read.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Water_storage_tanks_at_Dholavira_Citadel.jpg","alt":"Rock-cut water tanks at the citadel of Dholavira.","author":"Prof Ranga Sai","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Water_storage_tanks_at_Dholavira_Citadel.jpg"}},{"id":"dogu","title":"Dogū","href":"/japan/dogu","lat":40.9006,"lon":140.3403,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"japan","place":"Kamegaoka, Tsugaru, Aomori — and related Jōmon finds","countryName":"Japan","ageLabel":"About 1500 to 300 BC for goggle-eyed forms","ageQualifier":"Late to Final Jōmon; earlier types are older","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Hollow clay figures with goggle eyes and an unknown purpose, including National Treasure examples.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E7%9C%8C%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B%E5%B8%82%E6%9C%A8%E9%80%A0%E4%BA%80%E3%83%B6%E5%B2%A1%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F_%E9%81%AE%E5%85%89%E5%99%A8%E5%9C%9F%E5%81%B6-2.JPG/1280px-%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E7%9C%8C%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B%E5%B8%82%E6%9C%A8%E9%80%A0%E4%BA%80%E3%83%B6%E5%B2%A1%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F_%E9%81%AE%E5%85%89%E5%99%A8%E5%9C%9F%E5%81%B6-2.JPG","alt":"Goggle-eyed shakōki dogū clay figurine from Kamegaoka, front view.","author":"Saigen Jiro","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E7%9C%8C%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B%E5%B8%82%E6%9C%A8%E9%80%A0%E4%BA%80%E3%83%B6%E5%B2%A1%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F_%E9%81%AE%E5%85%89%E5%99%A8%E5%9C%9F%E5%81%B6-2.JPG"}},{"id":"samaipata","title":"El Fuerte de Samaipata","href":"/bolivia/samaipata","lat":-18.1786,"lon":-63.8189,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bolivia","place":"Samaipata, Santa Cruz","countryName":"Bolivia","ageLabel":"About AD 300 to the 1600s","ageQualifier":"a carved hill, three cultures","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A sandstone hill carved all over with channels, animals and niches was used by the Chané, the Incas and the Spanish.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/20170804_Bolivia_1053_Samaipata_sRGB_%2826204253989%29.jpg/1280px-20170804_Bolivia_1053_Samaipata_sRGB_%2826204253989%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"An aerial view of a long reddish rock carved with channels and basins.","author":"Dan Lundberg","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20170804_Bolivia_1053_Samaipata_sRGB_(26204253989).jpg"}},{"id":"ghar-dalam","title":"Għar Dalam","href":"/malta/ghar-dalam","lat":35.8365,"lon":14.5282,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"malta","place":"Birżebbuġa","countryName":"Malta","ageLabel":"Bones deep in the Ice Age, people at about 7,400 years","ageQualifier":"the layers do not share one date","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A cave holds hippopotamus and deer under a thin layer of the first farmers, long before the temples.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cave_of_G%C4%A7ar_Dalam_01.jpg/1280px-Cave_of_G%C4%A7ar_Dalam_01.jpg","alt":"A lit passage in a limestone cave, with a metal rail and a trench of pale rock in the floor.","author":"Kritzolina","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cave_of_G%C4%A7ar_Dalam_01.jpg"}},{"id":"gobekli-tepe","title":"Göbekli Tepe","href":"/turkey/gobekli-tepe","lat":37.2231,"lon":38.9225,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Şanlıurfa","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"11,600+ years","ageQualifier":"dates debated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Carved pillars, and a calendar still open.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-72,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Vulture_Stone%2C_Gobekli_Tepe%2C_Sanliurfa%2C_South-east_Anatolia%2C_Turkey.jpg/1280px-Vulture_Stone%2C_Gobekli_Tepe%2C_Sanliurfa%2C_South-east_Anatolia%2C_Turkey.jpg","alt":"The carved face of Pillar 43 at Göbekli Tepe, with a large bird and other animals.","author":"Sue Fleckney","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vulture_Stone,_Gobekli_Tepe,_Sanliurfa,_South-east_Anatolia,_Turkey.jpg"}},{"id":"jiangjunfen","title":"Jiangjunfen, the \"Pyramid of the East\"","href":"/china/jiangjunfen","lat":41.157,"lon":126.213,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Ji'an, Jilin","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"About AD 400 to 500","ageQualifier":"a Goguryeo royal tomb","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stepped granite pyramid of seven tiers, held in place by leaning giant stones, built by a Korean kingdom on the Yalu River.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-28,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Southeast_of_Tomb_of_the_General.jpg/1280px-Southeast_of_Tomb_of_the_General.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A stepped stone pyramid of seven tiers on a lawn, with huge stones leaning against its base.","author":"Prcshaw","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southeast_of_Tomb_of_the_General.jpg"}},{"id":"lascaux","title":"Lascaux","href":"/france/lascaux","lat":45.0539,"lon":1.1694,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"france","place":"Near Montignac, Dordogne","countryName":"France","ageLabel":"About 17,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"Solutrean to early Magdalenian readings both remain in play","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A painted cave of aurochs, horses, and a rare shaft scene, closed to protect the art and known now through sealed replicas.","callout":{"dx":26,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Painted aurochs and horses on a cave wall.","author":"EU / public domain reproduction","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lascaux_painting.jpg"}},{"id":"loughcrew","title":"Loughcrew","href":"/ireland/loughcrew","lat":53.7447,"lon":-7.1119,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ireland","place":"Sliabh na Caillí, County Meath","countryName":"Ireland","ageLabel":"About 3500 to 3000 BC for the main cairns","ageQualifier":"passage-tomb cemetery on the hag’s hills","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Equinox light in carved chambers, on hills named for a supernatural hag.","callout":{"dx":-28,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Cairn_T_exterior_Loughcrew.jpg/1280px-Cairn_T_exterior_Loughcrew.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Stone cairn T at Loughcrew on a green hill.","author":"Rob Hurson","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cairn_T_exterior_Loughcrew.jpg"}},{"id":"moray","title":"Moray","href":"/peru/moray","lat":-13.3299,"lon":-72.1965,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"A plateau in the Sacred Valley","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"Inca terraces","ageQualifier":"An engineering study’s depth and temperature, not a radiocarbon year.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Circular terraces, the largest about 30 metres deep, with a reported temperature difference of as much as 15 °C from lip to floor.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Peru_-_Cusco_Sacred_Valley_%26_Incan_Ruins_045_-_Moray_%287094833217%29.jpg","alt":"The circular terraces of Moray seen from above, rings stepping down into the earth.","author":"McKay Savage","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peru_-_Cusco_Sacred_Valley_%26_Incan_Ruins_045_-_Moray_(7094833217).jpg"}},{"id":"nerja","title":"Nerja Cave","href":"/spain/nerja","lat":36.761,"lon":-3.845,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"spain","place":"Maro, Nerja, Málaga","countryName":"Spain","ageLabel":"Seal paintings — ages contested","ageQualifier":"open-system uranium-series caution","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A vast show cave whose red “seal” paintings became a test of uranium-series dating.","callout":{"dx":-32,"dy":-20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sala_de_la_Cueva_de_Nerja.jpg/1280px-Sala_de_la_Cueva_de_Nerja.jpg","alt":"Large chamber in Nerja Cave with stalactites.","author":"Jl FilpoC","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sala_de_la_Cueva_de_Nerja.jpg"}},{"id":"persepolis","title":"Persepolis","href":"/iran/persepolis","lat":29.9356,"lon":52.8916,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iran","place":"Marvdasht, Fars","countryName":"Iran","ageLabel":"518 to 330 BC","ageQualifier":"Achaemenid ceremonial capital","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The ceremonial city of the Persian kings, begun by Darius I, burned by Alexander in 330 BC, and documented by tens of thousands of clay tablets.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Iran_-_Pars_-_Perspolis_-_panoramio.jpg/1280px-Iran_-_Pars_-_Perspolis_-_panoramio.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"An aerial-style view over the ruins of Persepolis on its terrace.","author":"Alireza Javaheri","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iran_-_Pars_-_Perspolis_-_panoramio.jpg"}},{"id":"sangiran","title":"Sangiran","href":"/indonesia/sangiran","lat":-7.4559,"lon":110.834,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"indonesia","place":"Sangiran, Central Java","countryName":"Indonesia","ageLabel":"Homo erectus in a long sequence","ageQualifier":"first arrival still argued","roomStatus":"open","summary":"More than 100 Homo erectus fossils, and a first-arrival date that is not one number.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Calvaria_Sangiran_II_%28D%29.jpeg/1280px-Calvaria_Sangiran_II_%28D%29.jpeg","alt":"The Sangiran II Homo erectus skullcap.","author":"Gerbil","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Calvaria_Sangiran_II_(D).jpeg"}},{"id":"santa-cristina","title":"Santa Cristina","href":"/italy/santa-cristina","lat":40.0614,"lon":8.7328,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"italy","place":"Paulilatino, Sardinia","countryName":"Italy","ageLabel":"About 1000 BC in the archaeological dating","ageQualifier":"a cut-stone well, and a lunar claim that depends on the width of the hole","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A basalt stair and a corbelled well so precisely cut that a lunar reading has been calculated, and not agreed.","callout":{"dx":-40,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pozzo_sacro_di_Santa_Cristina%2C_l%27ingresso._-_panoramio.jpg/1280px-Pozzo_sacro_di_Santa_Cristina%2C_l%27ingresso._-_panoramio.jpg","alt":"A trapezoidal stair of dark basalt descending between walls of precisely coursed blocks.","author":"Carlo Pelagalli","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pozzo_sacro_di_Santa_Cristina,_l%27ingresso._-_panoramio.jpg"}},{"id":"abba-garima-gospels","title":"The Abba Garima Gospels","href":"/ethiopia/abba-garima-gospels","lat":14.164,"lon":38.896,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ethiopia","place":"Abba Garima Monastery, near Adwa, Tigray","countryName":"Ethiopia","ageLabel":"Radiocarbon about 390–570 and 530–660","ageQualifier":"Earlier palaeography, dating by the look of the handwriting, had placed them around 1100 or later.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Illuminated Ge'ez Gospels whose parchment radiocarbon, a clock in the carbon of once-living things, dates to late antiquity — centuries earlier than older scholarly guesses.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-32,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Illumination-from-Abba-Garima-gospel.jpg","alt":"Illuminated portrait page from an Abba Garima Gospel book.","author":"Unknown","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illumination-from-Abba-Garima-gospel.jpg"}},{"id":"byblos-script","title":"The Byblos script","href":"/lebanon/byblos-script","lat":33.8786,"lon":35.515,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"lebanon","place":"National Museum of Beirut","countryName":"Lebanon","ageLabel":"About 1800 to 1500 BC","ageQualifier":"undeciphered","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Fourteen inscriptions in a script no one can read, from the city that later spread the alphabet.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":26,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Museum_of_Beirut_%E2%80%93_Byblos_syllabary.jpg/1280px-National_Museum_of_Beirut_%E2%80%93_Byblos_syllabary.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A dark bronze tablet covered in rows of small signs.","author":"Onceinawhile","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:National_Museum_of_Beirut_%E2%80%93_Byblos_syllabary.jpg"}},{"id":"tiwanaku-monoliths","title":"The Tiwanaku monoliths","href":"/bolivia/tiwanaku-monoliths","lat":-16.5555,"lon":-68.6745,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bolivia","place":"Tiwanaku","countryName":"Bolivia","ageLabel":"About AD 500 to 1000","ageQualifier":"statues of giants","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Stone figures up to 7.3 metres tall stand holding cups and trays, and are carved all over with beings no one can name.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/BO_Tihuanako_%28149%29_%2817042408319%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A tall carved red stone statue lit in a dark museum hall.","author":"Diego Tirira from Quito, Ecuador","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BO_Tihuanako_(149)_(17042408319).jpg"}},{"id":"cuba-mega","title":"The waters off Cape San Antonio","href":"/ocean/cuba-mega","lat":22,"lon":-85.1,"placement":"ocean","showOnWorld":true,"countrySlug":"cuba","place":"Northwest of Cape San Antonio, Guanahacabibes, western Cuba","countryName":"Cuba","ageLabel":"Undated","ageQualifier":"reported between 600 and 750 metres down","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Sonar hits on geometric ridges and polished-looking blocks, 600 to 750 metres down off western Cuba, in a geological report that records the sunken-city reading and does not adopt it.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":14,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/ISS034-E-5057_-_View_of_Cuba--cape_San_Antonio_%28Guanahacabibes_peninsula%29.jpg/1280px-ISS034-E-5057_-_View_of_Cuba--cape_San_Antonio_%28Guanahacabibes_peninsula%29.jpg","alt":"The western tip of Cuba from orbit, cloud over a dark peninsula and pale shallows tracing the shore.","author":"Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA Johnson Space Center","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ISS034-E-5057_-_View_of_Cuba--cape_San_Antonio_(Guanahacabibes_peninsula).jpg"}},{"id":"uffington-white-horse","title":"Uffington White Horse","href":"/united-kingdom/uffington-white-horse","lat":51.5776,"lon":-1.5668,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-kingdom","place":"White Horse Hill, Uffington, Oxfordshire, England","countryName":"United Kingdom","ageLabel":"Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age","ageQualifier":"Luminescence gives 1380 to 550 BC at 68 per cent. It has been kept white by hand ever since.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The Uffington White Horse is a 110-metre figure of chalk lines on a hillside, dated by luminescence to the Bronze or Iron Age and kept from vanishing for about 3,000 years.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/White_horse_from_air.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"The White Horse from the air.","author":"Dan Huby","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White_horse_from_air.jpg"}},{"id":"valle-del-encanto","title":"Valle del Encanto","href":"/chile/valle-del-encanto","lat":-30.704,"lon":-71.379,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"chile","place":"Ovalle","countryName":"Chile","ageLabel":"About 500 to 700 CE","ageQualifier":"pictures, and cups that grow","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Cut faces in a gorge, and cups that open into basins.","callout":{"dx":-36,"dy":-18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Petroglifos_Valle_del_Encanto_2.JPG/1280px-Petroglifos_Valle_del_Encanto_2.JPG","alt":"Petroglyphs of faces at Valle del Encanto.","author":"Aguslepe","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Petroglifos_Valle_del_Encanto_2.JPG"}},{"id":"calanais","title":"Calanais","href":"/united-kingdom/calanais","lat":58.1975,"lon":-6.7453,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-kingdom","place":"West of Stornoway, Isle of Lewis, Scotland","countryName":"United Kingdom","ageLabel":"About 2900 to 2600 BC","ageQualifier":"Raised before the main circle at Stonehenge. Buried in peat from about 1000 BC.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A cross of standing stones on a Hebridean ridge, where the southern moon skims a range of hills once every 18.6 years.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Callanish_I_2011_40.jpg/1280px-Callanish_I_2011_40.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The stones of Calanais on a sunny day.","author":"Nachosan","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Callanish_I_2011_40.jpg"}},{"id":"carrowmore","title":"Carrowmore","href":"/ireland/carrowmore","lat":54.2506,"lon":-8.5186,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ireland","place":"County Sligo","countryName":"Ireland","ageLabel":"Burial use about 3800 to 3000 BC on antler-pin dates","ageQualifier":"earlier charcoal readings once claimed Mesolithic construction — now widely walked back","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Ireland’s densest megalithic cemetery, once read as Mesolithic. The dating fight still has real stakes.","callout":{"dx":30,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Carrowmore_Megalithic_Cemetery_near_Sligo_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6330155.jpg/1280px-Carrowmore_Megalithic_Cemetery_near_Sligo_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6330155.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A large stone cairn at the end of a grass path.","author":"Colin Park","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carrowmore_Megalithic_Cemetery_near_Sligo_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6330155.jpg"}},{"id":"chauvet","title":"Chauvet","href":"/france/chauvet","lat":44.387,"lon":4.416,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"france","place":"Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, Ardèche","countryName":"France","ageLabel":"About 37,000 to 33,500 years ago","ageQualifier":"two pulses of human use; early dates long contested on style","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Cave art of lions, rhinoceroses, and horses is dated near 36,000 years ago, so early that style alone once said it must be later.","callout":{"dx":-24,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lions_painting%2C_Chauvet_Cave_%28museum_replica%29.jpg/1280px-Lions_painting%2C_Chauvet_Cave_%28museum_replica%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Pride of lions painted in charcoal on a cave wall replica.","author":"HTO","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lions_painting,_Chauvet_Cave_(museum_replica).jpg"}},{"id":"guadalperal","title":"Dolmen of Guadalperal","href":"/spain/guadalperal","lat":39.784,"lon":-5.411,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"spain","place":"El Gordo, Cáceres (Valdecañas reservoir)","countryName":"Spain","ageLabel":"About 5000 to 4000 BC","ageQualifier":"Neolithic; flooded most years since the reservoir","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A megalithic ring that spends most years under a reservoir, and stands clear again in a drought.","callout":{"dx":28,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Dolmen_Guadalperal_Verano_2019.jpg","alt":"Guadalperal dolmen stones standing in a dry reservoir bed.","author":"Pleonr","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dolmen_Guadalperal_Verano_2019.jpg"}},{"id":"huentelauquen","title":"Geometric stones of Huentelauquén","href":"/chile/huentelauquen","lat":-31.583,"lon":-71.557,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"chile","place":"Las Salinas de Huentelauquén","countryName":"Chile","ageLabel":"Older than about 7,730 BCE","ageQualifier":"the use is unknown","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Geometric stones older than about 7,730 BCE, and no known use.","callout":{"dx":32,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Litos_geometricos_de_Huentelauquen_01.jpg/1280px-Litos_geometricos_de_Huentelauquen_01.jpg","alt":"Geometric stone from the Huentelauquén complex.","author":"Yastay","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Litos_geometricos_de_Huentelauquen_01.jpg"}},{"id":"hawara","title":"Hawara","href":"/egypt/hawara","lat":29.274,"lon":30.898,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Hawara","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"Middle Kingdom, and a Greek description","ageQualifier":"the labyrinth is the question","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Herodotus’s rooms, flooded ground, and contested scans of what lies beneath.","callout":{"dx":-110,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hawara-plan-complexe.jpg?width=1280","alt":"Plan of the Hawara pyramid complex, drawn after the foundation survey.","author":"Franck Monnier","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hawara-plan-complexe.jpg"}},{"id":"ingapirca","title":"Ingapirca","href":"/ecuador/ingapirca","lat":-2.5397,"lon":-78.8748,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ecuador","place":"Ingapirca, Cañar","countryName":"Ecuador","ageLabel":"Late 15th century","ageQualifier":"Inca ashlar on a Cañari place","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An oval of fitted Inca ashlar on a Cañari hill, its two rooms taking the sun in turn.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-40,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Ingapirca_Temple_of_the_Sun_seen_from_the_northeast_1.jpg","alt":"A curved wall of regular stone courses crowning a green hill, with a small gabled building on top.","author":"Ymblanter","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ingapirca_Temple_of_the_Sun_seen_from_the_northeast_1.jpg"}},{"id":"inkallajta","title":"Inkallajta","href":"/bolivia/inkallajta","lat":-17.605,"lon":-65.4158,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"bolivia","place":"Pocona, Cochabamba","countryName":"Bolivia","ageLabel":"Late 15th century","ageQualifier":"the largest Inca hall","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An Inca frontier city holds the largest roofed hall known from the Inca world, twice the size of any rival.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Vista_frontis_oeste.jpg/1280px-Vista_frontis_oeste.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A long stone wall with tall gables and people in front.","author":"Susu Phisi","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vista_frontis_oeste.jpg"}},{"id":"ishibutai","title":"Ishibutai","href":"/japan/ishibutai","lat":34.4672,"lon":135.8261,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"japan","place":"Asuka, Nara","countryName":"Japan","ageLabel":"Early seventh century","ageQualifier":"square mound once covered the chamber","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A granite burial chamber of about 2,300 tons, its earthen mound gone, tied by tradition to a Soga minister.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ishibutai-kofun_Asuka_Nara_pref05n4592.jpg/1280px-Ishibutai-kofun_Asuka_Nara_pref05n4592.jpg","alt":"Massive granite blocks of the Ishibutai chamber standing open under trees.","author":"663highland","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ishibutai-kofun_Asuka_Nara_pref05n4592.jpg"}},{"id":"karahan-tepe","title":"Karahan Tepe","href":"/turkey/karahan-tepe","lat":37.0925,"lon":39.3036,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Tektek Dağları, Şanlıurfa","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"11,000+ years","ageQualifier":"dates approximate","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A second hill of T-pillars, still opening.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":86,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carved%20head.%20Structure%20AB%2C%20Pillars%20Shrine%20with%20Porthole%20Window%20to%20AD%20and%20Carved%20Head%2C%20Karahantepe%20(Karahan%20Tepe)%2C%20Turkey.jpg?width=1280","alt":"A human head carved on a pillar at Karahan Tepe.","author":"Tobey Travel","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carved_head._Structure_AB,_Pillars_Shrine_with_Porthole_Window_to_AD_and_Carved_Head,_Karahantepe_(Karahan_Tepe),_Turkey.jpg"}},{"id":"liang-bua","title":"Liang Bua","href":"/indonesia/liang-bua","lat":-8.5308,"lon":120.4435,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"indonesia","place":"Manggarai, Flores","countryName":"Indonesia","ageLabel":"A small-bodied hominin","ageQualifier":"and the ebu gogo account","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A small skeleton in a cave, read as a species, as a growth disorder, and as iodine deficiency, beside a Nage account of small people.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Homo_floresiensis_cave.jpg/1280px-Homo_floresiensis_cave.jpg","alt":"Inside Liang Bua, looking toward the mouth, with excavation squares in the floor.","author":"Rosino","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_floresiensis_cave.jpg"}},{"id":"monte-prama","title":"Mont'e Prama","href":"/italy/monte-prama","lat":39.965778,"lon":8.448278,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"italy","place":"Cabras, Sardinia","countryName":"Italy","ageLabel":"About 900 to 750 BC","ageQualifier":"stone giants broken in a necropolis, date still wide","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Limestone giants, archers, boxers, and warriors, smashed and buried beside a nuragic cemetery.","callout":{"dx":-42,"dy":10,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Et%C3%A0_nuragica%2C_giganti_di_monte_prama%2C_xiii-ix_secolo_ac_ca.%2C_da_cabras%2C_guerriero_05%2C_01.jpg/1280px-Et%C3%A0_nuragica%2C_giganti_di_monte_prama%2C_xiii-ix_secolo_ac_ca.%2C_da_cabras%2C_guerriero_05%2C_01.jpg","alt":"A limestone warrior missing much of the legs, displayed beside a large round shield on a modern stand.","author":"Sailko","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Et%C3%A0_nuragica,_giganti_di_monte_prama,_xiii-ix_secolo_ac_ca.,_da_cabras,_guerriero_05,_01.jpg"}},{"id":"murray-springs","title":"Murray Springs","href":"/united-states/murray-springs","lat":31.571,"lon":-110.177,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Curry Draw, Cochise County, Arizona","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"About 12,900 years ago","ageQualifier":"Clovis camp under a black mat","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Clovis hunting camp sealed under a dark wetland layer, and the impact claim that layer was later asked to carry.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Murray_Springs_Clovis_site%2C_campsite_1.JPG","alt":"A gravel path bends through dry grass and leafless desert trees at an archaeological site.","author":"Ammodramus","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Murray_Springs_Clovis_site,_campsite_1.JPG"}},{"id":"naqsh-e-rustam","title":"Naqsh-e Rustam","href":"/iran/naqsh-e-rustam","lat":29.9886,"lon":52.8742,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iran","place":"Near Marvdasht, Fars","countryName":"Iran","ageLabel":"About 1000 BC to AD 300","ageQualifier":"Royal necropolis","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The tombs of the Persian kings, cut high in one cliff, with a stone tower in front whose purpose is still an open argument.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tombs_of_Artaxerxes_I_and_Darius_I%2C_with_Sassanid-era_bas-reliefs_below_-_Naqsh-e_Rustam%2C_Iran.jpg/1280px-Tombs_of_Artaxerxes_I_and_Darius_I%2C_with_Sassanid-era_bas-reliefs_below_-_Naqsh-e_Rustam%2C_Iran.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Two cross-shaped tomb facades high in a cliff, with carved panels below.","author":"A.Davey from Portland, Oregon, EE UU","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tombs_of_Artaxerxes_I_and_Darius_I,_with_Sassanid-era_bas-reliefs_below_-_Naqsh-e_Rustam,_Iran.jpg"}},{"id":"osireion","title":"Osireion","href":"/egypt/osireion","lat":26.184,"lon":31.919,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Abydos","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"New Kingdom, or older masonry","ageQualifier":"the water and the stone","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A granite hall is built down to the water, behind Seti’s temple.","callout":{"dx":90,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Osireion_at_Abydos_%28I%29.jpg/1280px-Osireion_at_Abydos_%28I%29.jpg","alt":"The Osireion in a later photograph: granite pillars and lintels, a little water in the pit, and a modern rail.","author":"isawnyu","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Osireion_at_Abydos_(I).jpg"}},{"id":"pyramid-peaks","title":"Pyramid-like peaks","href":"/antarctica/pyramid-peaks","lat":-72.283,"lon":-3.8,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"antarctica","place":"Pyramiden Nunatak, Queen Maud Land, at the head of the Schytt Glacier","countryName":"Antarctica","ageLabel":"Named 1949–52","ageQualifier":"a shape on the survey photographs","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A nunatak in Queen Maud Land was named Pyramiden, the pyramid, because that is what it looked like from the air. The same silhouette is a glacial horn, and it is also the shape people compare with a building.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Aboa_Station%2C_Antarctica.jpg/1280px-Aboa_Station%2C_Antarctica.jpg","alt":"Low buildings on a dark rocky rise surrounded by flat ice, under a pale sky in Queen Maud Land.","author":"Polarforskningssekretariatet","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aboa_Station,_Antarctica.jpg"}},{"id":"quirigua","title":"Quiriguá","href":"/guatemala/quirigua","lat":15.2697,"lon":-89.0414,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"guatemala","place":"Los Amates, Izabal","countryName":"Guatemala","ageLabel":"About AD 200 to 850","ageQualifier":"Maya stelae","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The tallest Maya stela, a king who beheaded his overlord, and inscriptions that count time back across tens of millions of years.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/GT_Quirigua_StelaE.JPG/1280px-GT_Quirigua_StelaE.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A very tall carved stone stela on a lawn, sheltered by a thatched roof.","author":"Jan Pešula","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GT_Quirigua_StelaE.JPG"}},{"id":"sacsayhuaman","title":"Sacsayhuamán","href":"/peru/sacsayhuaman","lat":-13.5086,"lon":-71.9822,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"The ridge north of Cusco","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"Inca centuries, on a hill already lived on","ageQualifier":"Killke occupation is published, and a year for the largest blocks is not.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Zigzag walls of limestone above Cusco, where the largest block has no agreed weight, and the hill was occupied before the Inca.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_27.JPG","alt":"The zigzag limestone walls of Sacsayhuamán, with visitors at the base for scale.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n,_Cusco,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-31,_DD_27.JPG"}},{"id":"san-lorenzo","title":"San Lorenzo","href":"/mexico/san-lorenzo","lat":17.752,"lon":-94.761,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"The Coatzacoalcos basin, Veracruz","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"About 1400 to 900 BCE","ageQualifier":"The great phase at San Lorenzo. La Venta is the next Gulf capital.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Ten colossal basalt heads brought from the Tuxtlas, and an open argument about whose faces they are.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/MXCD_151122_San_Lorenzo_Colossal_Head_6.jpg","alt":"San Lorenzo colossal head 6, indoors, the face and the helmet clear, with no person beside it.","author":"Oren Rozen","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MXCD_151122_San_Lorenzo_Colossal_Head_6.jpg"}},{"id":"santa-ana-la-florida","title":"Santa Ana-La Florida","href":"/ecuador/santa-ana-la-florida","lat":-4.6367,"lon":-79.1301,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ecuador","place":"Palanda, Zamora Chinchipe","countryName":"Ecuador","ageLabel":"Cacao and a stone spiral","ageQualifier":"about 5300 years","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A spiral stone platform and the oldest published use of cacao.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Santa_Ana-La_Florida_1.jpg","alt":"Stone remains at the archaeological site of Santa Ana-La Florida.","author":"SimonLuzuriaga","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Santa_Ana-La_Florida_1.jpg"}},{"id":"shimao","title":"Shimao, the Stone City","href":"/china/shimao","lat":38.477,"lon":110.292,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Shenmu, northern Shaanxi","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"About 2300 to 1800 BC","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon dated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stepped stone pyramid at the heart of a walled city of 400 hectares, with jade in its walls and faces carved in its stone.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Shimao_citadel%2C_wall_structure.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Terraced dry-stone walls of the Shimao citadel on a loess hillside.","author":"Bilaterian","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shimao_citadel,_wall_structure.jpg"}},{"id":"ahiram-sarcophagus","title":"The Ahiram sarcophagus","href":"/lebanon/ahiram-sarcophagus","lat":33.8786,"lon":35.515,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"lebanon","place":"National Museum of Beirut","countryName":"Lebanon","ageLabel":"About 1000 BC","ageQualifier":"the earliest full alphabet text","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A king's coffin on four lions, carrying the earliest fully developed alphabet text and a curse on anyone who opens it.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Ahiram_Sarcophagus_1.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A carved stone coffin resting on four crouching lions.","author":"O.Mustafin","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ahiram_Sarcophagus_1.JPG"}},{"id":"antikythera","title":"The Antikythera mechanism","href":"/greece/antikythera","lat":35.87,"lon":23.31,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"greece","place":"A wreck off Antikythera","countryName":"Greece","ageLabel":"Before the wreck, and not one year","ageQualifier":"The ship is the latest date, and the letters may be earlier.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"82 fragments of a bronze geared calculator survive, with 30 gears. About a third of the machine remains.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Antikythera_Mechanism_-_National_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Athens_by_Joy_of_Museum.jpg","alt":"Fragments of the Antikythera mechanism in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens.","author":"Joyofmuseums","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antikythera_Mechanism_-_National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens_by_Joy_of_Museum.jpg"}},{"id":"lothal","title":"The basin at Lothal","href":"/india/lothal","lat":22.522,"lon":72.249,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Lothal, Gujarat","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"Harappan brick basin","ageQualifier":"dock or tank","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A baked-brick basin about 210 metres long, read as a dock and also as a village tank.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/lothal-basin.svg","alt":"Diagram of the Lothal brick basin, about 212 by 36 metres, read as a dock or a tank.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://www.archaeoastronomy.it/Lothal.htm"}},{"id":"bayon","title":"The Bayon","href":"/cambodia/bayon","lat":13.44131,"lon":103.85889,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cambodia","place":"The Bayon, at the centre of Angkor Thom","countryName":"Cambodia","ageLabel":"Late 12th to early 13th century","ageQualifier":"The face-towers are the state temple of Jayavarman VII. The count of towers is not one number.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Stone towers carved with giant faces. Thirty-seven still stand on the upper level in one count, forty-nine and fifty-nine are the other published figures, and the face has no agreed name. A long line east is a separate question.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":-70,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/02-Bayon_%28NgnL%29-06352.jpg","alt":"Several Bayon towers from the ground, each carved with large faces, under a clear sky.","author":"No(0)GoodNamesLeft","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:02-Bayon_(NgnL)-06352.jpg"}},{"id":"tiya","title":"Tiya","href":"/ethiopia/tiya","lat":8.433,"lon":38.608,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ethiopia","place":"The Soddo region, south of Addis Ababa","countryName":"Ethiopia","ageLabel":"36 monuments, age not fixed","ageQualifier":"UNESCO counts them and says the age is not precisely determined.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Thirty-six monuments, thirty-two of them carved stelae, swords among the signs, in a field whose century UNESCO will not pin.","callout":{"dx":12,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tiya_Stelae_Field%2C_ca._1300_%2812%29_%2829095883186%29.jpg/1280px-Tiya_Stelae_Field%2C_ca._1300_%2812%29_%2829095883186%29.jpg","alt":"Two stelae at Tiya. The paler stone carries sword shapes.","author":"Richard Mortel","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiya_Stelae_Field,_ca._1300_(12)_(29095883186).jpg"}},{"id":"behistun","title":"Behistun","href":"/iran/behistun","lat":34.3906,"lon":47.4361,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iran","place":"Bisotun, Kermanshah","countryName":"Iran","ageLabel":"About 520 BC","ageQualifier":"Royal inscription","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The Rosetta Stone of cuneiform, carved about 60 metres up a cliff near Kermanshah, and Darius I's own account of how he took the throne.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bisotun_Iran_Relief_Achamenid_Period.JPG/1280px-Bisotun_Iran_Relief_Achamenid_Period.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A cliff relief of a king facing a row of bound prisoners, with a winged figure above.","author":"Unknown photographer","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bisotun_Iran_Relief_Achamenid_Period.JPG"}},{"id":"bryn-celli-ddu","title":"Bryn Celli Ddu","href":"/united-kingdom/bryn-celli-ddu","lat":53.2077,"lon":-4.2361,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-kingdom","place":"Llanddaniel Fab, Anglesey, Wales","countryName":"United Kingdom","ageLabel":"Neolithic, about 5,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"A henge and stone circle first, then a passage tomb. The order has been argued for a century.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A passage tomb on Anglesey whose passage brings the midsummer sunrise into the chamber, built on an older henge and stone circle.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bryn_Celli_Ddu_Passage_Tomb_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4580295.jpg/1280px-Bryn_Celli_Ddu_Passage_Tomb_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4580295.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The mound of Bryn Celli Ddu, a low grassy dome with a stone-lined entrance facing the camera and a ring of kerb stones.","author":"Chris Andrews","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bryn_Celli_Ddu_Passage_Tomb_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4580295.jpg"}},{"id":"cosquer","title":"Cosquer Cave","href":"/france/cosquer","lat":43.2028,"lon":5.4492,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"france","place":"Cap Morgiou, Marseille","countryName":"France","ageLabel":"About 33,000 to 20,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"two clusters in 41 radiocarbon samples; one tradition or two is still argued","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A painted cave whose only entrance is 37 metres underwater holds hands and animals dated across ten millennia.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Panneau_des_chevaux_-_Cosquer_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e.jpg/1280px-Panneau_des_chevaux_-_Cosquer_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Three black horse figures and a downward hand stencil on a textured rock replica.","author":"Kleber Rossillon & Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur / Sources 3D MC","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panneau_des_chevaux_-_Cosquer_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e.jpg"}},{"id":"dendera","title":"Dendera","href":"/egypt/dendera","lat":26.142,"lon":32.67,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Dendera","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"Greco-Roman temple","ageQualifier":"the reliefs are later","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A zodiac ceiling, and reliefs some read as lamps.","callout":{"dx":-100,"dy":-10,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zodiaque%20de%20Dend%C3%A9ra%20-%20Mus%C3%A9e%20du%20Louvre%20Antiquit%C3%A9s%20Egyptiennes%20D%2038%20%3B%20E%2013482.jpg?width=1280","alt":"The round Dendera zodiac, a sandstone ceiling now in the Louvre.","author":"Shonagon","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zodiaque_de_Dend%C3%A9ra_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Antiquit%C3%A9s_Egyptiennes_D_38_;_E_13482.jpg"}},{"id":"dwarka","title":"Dwarka under the water","href":"/india/dwarka","lat":22.2394,"lon":68.9678,"placement":"coast","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Off Dwarka, Gujarat","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"Stone in shallow water","ageQualifier":"the blocks are undated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Stone structures from the tide line to about 6 metres, still without a date of their own.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/dwarka-depth.svg","alt":"Diagram of Dwarka structures in water up to about 6 metres, separate from pottery dates on Bet Dwarka.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://drs.nio.res.in/drs/bitstream/handle/2264/806/7/_Indian/_Conf/_Mar/_Archaeol/_I.O/_Countries/_2005/_78.pdf"}},{"id":"kaminaljuyu","title":"Kaminaljuyu","href":"/guatemala/kaminaljuyu","lat":14.6253,"lon":-90.545,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"guatemala","place":"Guatemala City","countryName":"Guatemala","ageLabel":"About 1500 BC to AD 1200","ageQualifier":"Highland Maya city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A great highland Maya city, now almost entirely beneath the streets of Guatemala City.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kaminaljuyu_11.jpg/1280px-Kaminaljuyu_11.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"An excavated stone structure with stairs, sheltered under a large metal roof.","author":"Simon Burchell","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaminaljuyu_11.jpg"}},{"id":"knocknarea","title":"Knocknarea","href":"/ireland/knocknarea","lat":54.2589,"lon":-8.5747,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ireland","place":"County Sligo","countryName":"Ireland","ageLabel":"Likely Neolithic; unexcavated","ageQualifier":"form and landscape point to the passage-tomb age; no modern dig of the great cairn","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Queen Maeve’s cairn on Knocknarea is still unexcavated, and it may be the largest sealed passage tomb in Ireland.","callout":{"dx":-32,"dy":-18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/County_Sligo_-_Queen_Maeves_Tomb_Knocknarea_-_20190914200442.jpg/1280px-County_Sligo_-_Queen_Maeves_Tomb_Knocknarea_-_20190914200442.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Large stone cairn on the summit of Knocknarea.","author":"Cliffoney","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:County_Sligo_-_Queen_Maeves_Tomb_Knocknarea_-_20190914200442.jpg"}},{"id":"lady-of-elche","title":"Lady of Elche","href":"/spain/lady-of-elche","lat":38.244,"lon":-0.693,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"spain","place":"La Alcudia, Elche","countryName":"Spain","ageLabel":"About 5th to 4th centuries BC","ageQualifier":"Iberian sculpture; find context thin","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A limestone bust with wheel headdresses, Iberian, debated, and still unexplained in purpose.","callout":{"dx":-28,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dama_de_Elche_-_MAN_-_20241220a.jpg/1280px-Dama_de_Elche_-_MAN_-_20241220a.jpg","alt":"The Lady of Elche bust in the National Archaeological Museum.","author":"Luis Fernández García","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dama_de_Elche_-_MAN_-_20241220a.jpg"}},{"id":"lubang-jeriji-saleh","title":"Lubang Jeriji Saléh","href":"/indonesia/lubang-jeriji-saleh","lat":1.2415,"lon":117.3291,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"indonesia","place":"Bengalon, East Kutai, East Kalimantan","countryName":"Indonesia","ageLabel":"Animal at least 40,000 years; one hand younger than 51,800","ageQualifier":"minimums and a maximum are different claims","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Borneo cave with a reddish animal at least 40,000 years old, and a hand stencil whose 51,800-year figure is a maximum.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/LHFage_Bouquet_de_Mains%2C_Gua_Jeriji_Saleh%2C_Kalimantan%2C_Indonesie..jpg/1280px-LHFage_Bouquet_de_Mains%2C_Gua_Jeriji_Saleh%2C_Kalimantan%2C_Indonesie..jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Pale hand stencils clustered on a dark patch of cave wall, with orange pigment nearby.","author":"Lhfage","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LHFage_Bouquet_de_Mains,_Gua_Jeriji_Saleh,_Kalimantan,_Indonesie..jpg"}},{"id":"monte-verde","title":"Monte Verde","href":"/chile/monte-verde","lat":-41.505,"lon":-73.206,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"chile","place":"Near Puerto Montt","countryName":"Chile","ageLabel":"About 14,500 years ago, now challenged","ageQualifier":"the layer is the question","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A forest camp at about 14,500 years, and a challenge that it is much younger.","callout":{"dx":36,"dy":20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sitio_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_de_Monte_Verde_35.JPG/1280px-Sitio_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_de_Monte_Verde_35.JPG","alt":"The archaeological site of Monte Verde: the bank of Chinchihuapi Creek, with brush and trees.","author":"Rodolfo Ditzel Lacoa","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sitio_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_de_Monte_Verde_35.JPG"}},{"id":"palenque","title":"Palenque","href":"/mexico/palenque","lat":17.4839,"lon":-92.0464,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"The foothills above the Usumacinta","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"Pakal, 603 to 683","ageQualifier":"Dates read from the glyphs. Not a radiocarbon of the lid.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The carved lid over Pakal's sarcophagus, one reading a king falling into the underworld, another reading a machine.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-40,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Palenque%2C_Temple_of_the_Inscriptions_%2820498755918%29.jpg","alt":"The Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque, pyramid raised over Pakal's tomb.","author":"Arian Zwegers","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Palenque,_Temple_of_the_Inscriptions_(20498755918).jpg"}},{"id":"sakafuneishi","title":"Sakafuneishi","href":"/japan/sakafuneishi","lat":34.4805,"lon":135.8215,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"japan","place":"Asuka, Nara","countryName":"Japan","ageLabel":"Mid to late seventh century","ageQualifier":"hill reshaped with stone and waterworks","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A granite slab carved with circles and channels, and a turtle basin below — purpose still argued; a chronicle calls related works the canal of a mad mind.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sakafuneishi_Ruins%2C_Sakafuneishi-1.jpg/1280px-Sakafuneishi_Ruins%2C_Sakafuneishi-1.jpg","alt":"Granite Sakafuneishi slab with carved circular hollows and linking channels.","author":"Saigen Jiro","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sakafuneishi_Ruins%2C_Sakafuneishi-1.jpg"}},{"id":"sanxingdui","title":"Sanxingdui, the Bronzes of Shu","href":"/china/sanxingdui","lat":30.993,"lon":104.203,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Guanghan, Sichuan","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"Buried about 1200 to 1000 BC","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon dated pits","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Bronze faces with eyes on stalks, a figure 2.6 metres tall, and a bronze tree of birds that may carry a sun, from a culture no history records.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":26,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Shang_Bronze_Mask%2C_Sanxingdui.jpg/1280px-Shang_Bronze_Mask%2C_Sanxingdui.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A bronze mask with huge protruding cylindrical eyes and wide flaring ears.","author":"Gary Todd","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shang_Bronze_Mask,_Sanxingdui.jpg"}},{"id":"sefer-tepe","title":"Sefer Tepe","href":"/turkey/sefer-tepe","lat":37.1722,"lon":39.49,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Şanlıurfa","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"Pre-Pottery Neolithic","ageQualifier":"dates not settled","roomStatus":"open","summary":"T-shaped pillars east of Karahan Tepe, with the floors still unpublished.","callout":{"dx":28,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Sefer_Tepe_T-stelae.jpg","alt":"Two T-shaped pillars standing in an excavation trench at Sefer Tepe.","author":"Frantisek Trampota","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sefer_Tepe_T-stelae.jpg"}},{"id":"su-nuraxi","title":"Su Nuraxi","href":"/italy/su-nuraxi","lat":39.70583333,"lon":8.99055556,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"italy","place":"Barumini, Sardinia","countryName":"Italy","ageLabel":"Later 2nd millennium BC for the keep","ageQualifier":"towers, village, and a dating argument that is not closed","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A basalt tower and a village of round huts, one of thousands, with no Nuragic text to say why.","callout":{"dx":32,"dy":22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nuraghe_Su_Nuraxi_-_Barumini_-_Sardinia_-_Italy_-_07.jpg/1280px-Nuraghe_Su_Nuraxi_-_Barumini_-_Sardinia_-_Italy_-_07.jpg","alt":"A truncated basalt tower rising above low stone hut foundations under a clear sky.","author":"Norbert Nagel","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nuraghe_Su_Nuraxi_-_Barumini_-_Sardinia_-_Italy_-_07.jpg"}},{"id":"ta-prohm","title":"Ta Prohm","href":"/cambodia/ta-prohm","lat":13.4349,"lon":103.8893,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cambodia","place":"Ta Prohm, east of Angkor Thom","countryName":"Cambodia","ageLabel":"Late 12th century","ageQualifier":"A foundation inscription is read as 1186. The odd animal is a small roundel, not a date.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A late 12th-century temple with trees gripping the galleries, and one small roundel that visitors read as a dinosaur. It was later built on a long east-west line.","callout":{"dx":42,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Ta_Prohm_under_a_tree.jpg","alt":"Tree roots sprawling over a stone gallery roof and columns at Ta Prohm.","author":"Devajyoti Sarkar","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ta_Prohm_under_a_tree.jpg"}},{"id":"caucasus-dolmens","title":"The dolmens of the Caucasus","href":"/russia/caucasus-dolmens","lat":44.38,"lon":38.53,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Western Caucasus, Krasnodar Krai and Adygea","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"About 3250 to 1250 BC","ageQualifier":"stone houses with a round door","roomStatus":"open","summary":"About 3,000 stone boxes in the western Caucasus, each with a round hole too small for an adult, and a stone plug to close it.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dolmen_%28near_Kizinka%29.JPG/1280px-Dolmen_%28near_Kizinka%29.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A stone box with a round hole in its front slab in a meadow.","author":"Dmitry89","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dolmen_(near_Kizinka).JPG"}},{"id":"marajoara","title":"The Mounds of Marajó","href":"/brazil/marajoara","lat":-0.95,"lon":-49.6,"placement":"coast","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"Marajó island, mouth of the Amazon, Pará","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"About AD 800 to 1400, with activity from about 1000 BC","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Earth mounds stand above the floodwaters, with some of the finest pottery of the ancient Americas.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Teso_dos_Bichos_-_S%C3%ADtio_arqueol%C3%B3gico_Camutins_-_ilha_do_Maraj%C3%B3.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A raised mound at the Camutins site on Marajó island, seen from the air.","author":"Elilopes","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Teso_dos_Bichos_-_S%C3%ADtio_arqueol%C3%B3gico_Camutins_-_ilha_do_Maraj%C3%B3.png"}},{"id":"phaistos","title":"The Phaistos disc","href":"/greece/phaistos","lat":35.0517,"lon":24.8143,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"greece","place":"Phaistos, southern Crete","countryName":"Greece","ageLabel":"A disc from the palace, still unread","ageQualifier":"The palace is Bronze Age, and the signs are not a decoded script.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"It is a fired clay disc, stamped on both sides with signs no one has read as a language.","callout":{"dx":12,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Phaistos_Disc_-_Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum_by_Joy_of_Museums.jpg","alt":"One face of the Phaistos disc in the Heraklion museum.","author":"Joyofmuseums","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phaistos_Disc_-_Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum_by_Joy_of_Museums.jpg"}},{"id":"cusco-stones","title":"The stones of Cusco","href":"/peru/cusco-stones","lat":-13.5163,"lon":-71.9757,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"Hatun Rumiyoc and Coricancha, in the city","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"Inca city, and a testimony of earlier walls","ageQualifier":"The twelve angles can be counted, and a year under the stone cannot.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A twelve-sided stone in a street wall, and the curved ashlar of Coricancha under the church the Spanish built on the temple.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg","alt":"The twelve-angled stone in the wall of Hatun Rumiyoc, Cusco, with many-sided neighbours.","author":"Unukorno","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg"}},{"id":"younger-dryas-impact","title":"The Younger Dryas impact","href":"/united-states/younger-dryas-impact","lat":34.847,"lon":-79.043,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Carolina Bays, near Rex, North Carolina","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"About 12,900 years ago","ageQualifier":"a cold return, cause open","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A real cold snap at 12,900 years ago, and an impact hypothesis weighed on spherules, platinum, nanodiamonds, and the Carolina Bays.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Rex%2C_NC_LiDAR_DEM_of_Carolina_bays.jpg","alt":"A brightly coloured elevation model of the coastal plain, covered in oval depressions that share one direction.","author":"Michael Davias","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rex,_NC_LiDAR_DEM_of_Carolina_bays.jpg"}},{"id":"tutu-fela","title":"Tuto Fela","href":"/ethiopia/tutu-fela","lat":6.55,"lon":38.35,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ethiopia","place":"Sidamo, in the Rift","countryName":"Ethiopia","ageLabel":"A cemetery of carved stelae","ageQualifier":"Hundreds of phallic and anthropomorphic stones. The pin is the region, not a surveyed gate.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A huge Sidamo cemetery of phallic and anthropomorphic stelae, the southern tradition Tiya belongs to, at a larger scale.","callout":{"dx":12,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Tutu_Fela_Phallic_Stele_2.jpg","alt":"A phallic stele at Tuto Fela in Sidamo.","author":"Arminius1000","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tutu_Fela_Phallic_Stele_2.jpg"}},{"id":"under-the-ice","title":"Under the ice","href":"/antarctica/under-the-ice","lat":-78.464,"lon":106.84,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"antarctica","place":"Vostok Station, on the ice above Lake Vostok","countryName":"Antarctica","ageLabel":"Drilled in 2012","ageQualifier":"water from under the ice, not a wall","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Radar, seismic lines, and a borehole at Vostok have returned ice, water, buried mountains, and mud. A habitable shore or a work could still sit between the lines. No city, wall, or tool has been published from under the sheet.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Wostok-Station_core32.jpg","alt":"A small station of low buildings on a flat white plateau, with masts and trenches in the snow.","author":"Todd Sowers, NOAA","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wostok-Station_core32.jpg"}},{"id":"borobudur","title":"Borobudur","href":"/indonesia/borobudur","lat":-7.6079,"lon":110.2038,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"indonesia","place":"Magelang, Central Java","countryName":"Indonesia","ageLabel":"8th–9th century","ageQualifier":"built around a natural hill","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An andesite monument of interlocking blocks, reliefs, and a buried foot, on a hill in the Kedu plain.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":20,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Borobudur_stupas_on_upper_terrace.jpg/1280px-Borobudur_stupas_on_upper_terrace.jpg","alt":"Perforated stupas on the round upper terraces of Borobudur, with the central stupa behind them.","author":"Gunawan Kartapranata","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Borobudur_stupas_on_upper_terrace.jpg"}},{"id":"dun-aonghasa","title":"Dún Aonghasa","href":"/ireland/dun-aonghasa","lat":53.1256,"lon":-9.7681,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ireland","place":"Inishmore, Aran Islands, County Galway","countryName":"Ireland","ageLabel":"Late Bronze Age origins; walls rebuilt and used into the Iron Age and later","ageQualifier":"multiphase cliff enclosure","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A cliff-edge stone enclosure on Inishmore. It fails as a fort on the sea side, and it still dominates the island.","callout":{"dx":28,"dy":34,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dun_Aengus_2009.jpg/1280px-Dun_Aengus_2009.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Stone walls of Dún Aonghasa with visitors on the grass terrace.","author":"Herbert Ortner","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dun_Aengus_2009.jpg"}},{"id":"fell-pali-aike","title":"Fell's Cave and Pali Aike","href":"/chile/fell-pali-aike","lat":-52.033,"lon":-70.05,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"chile","place":"Pali Aike","countryName":"Chile","ageLabel":"About 11,000 to 8,600 years ago","ageQualifier":"camp, funeral, and the sea unused","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Fishtail points with extinct animals, and three cremated dead.","callout":{"dx":28,"dy":16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/fell-pali-aike-layers.svg","alt":"Diagram of the early and later layers at Fell Cave and Pali Aike.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1204/"}},{"id":"hashihaka","title":"Hashihaka","href":"/japan/hashihaka","lat":34.5586,"lon":135.8125,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"japan","place":"Sakurai, Nara","countryName":"Japan","ageLabel":"Mid-third century","ageQualifier":"among the earliest great keyhole tombs; interior not excavated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A 280-metre keyhole tomb, tied by chronicle to a shaman princess, and by many readings to the queen Himiko of Chinese history.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Hashihaka-kofun_zenkei-2.jpg/1280px-Hashihaka-kofun_zenkei-2.jpg","alt":"Tree-covered keyhole mound of Hashihaka rising above surrounding fields.","author":"Saigen Jiro","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hashihaka-kofun_zenkei-2.jpg"}},{"id":"karnak","title":"Karnak","href":"/egypt/karnak","lat":25.719,"lon":32.657,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Luxor","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"Middle and New Kingdoms","ageQualifier":"the axis is the question","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Amun’s temple, on a rough east–west axis.","callout":{"dx":80,"dy":10,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Templo_de_Karnak%2C_Luxor%2C_Egipto%2C_2022-04-03%2C_DD_142.jpg/1280px-Templo_de_Karnak%2C_Luxor%2C_Egipto%2C_2022-04-03%2C_DD_142.jpg","alt":"Pylons and two standing columns at Karnak, with palms at the left.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Templo_de_Karnak,_Luxor,_Egipto,_2022-04-03,_DD_142.jpg"}},{"id":"koh-ker","title":"Koh Ker, the stepped pyramid","href":"/cambodia/koh-ker","lat":13.78306,"lon":104.53722,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cambodia","place":"Prasat Thom, Koh Ker","countryName":"Cambodia","ageLabel":"Sole capital, 928 to 944","ageQualifier":"A rival of Angkor from 921. One building phase of 23 years. No height is adopted.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A short-lived capital whose state temple is a stepped pyramid of large stone blocks, about 80 kilometres northeast of Angkor. A published survey reads the plan as meeting the zenith sunrise.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":-40,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Koh_Ker%2C_Prasat_Thom_%286225843693%29.jpg","alt":"The stepped stone pyramid at Koh Ker, with a modern stair up the front and a dirt path leading to it.","author":"Arian Zwegers","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Koh_Ker,_Prasat_Thom_(6225843693).jpg"}},{"id":"liangzhu","title":"Liangzhu, City of Jade and Dams","href":"/china/liangzhu","lat":30.395,"lon":119.993,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Yuhang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"About 3300 to 2300 BC","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon dated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A walled city of 290 hectares, the oldest large dams in China, and jade cong carved with one face over and over.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Liangzhu_Archaeological_Site%2C_2019-07-20_07.jpg/1280px-Liangzhu_Archaeological_Site%2C_2019-07-20_07.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Grass-covered ground of the Liangzhu city with low hills behind.","author":"Siyuwj","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liangzhu_Archaeological_Site,_2019-07-20_07.jpg"}},{"id":"menorca-taulas","title":"Menorca taulas","href":"/spain/menorca-taulas","lat":39.913,"lon":4.1628,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"spain","place":"Torralba d'en Salort, Alaior, Menorca","countryName":"Spain","ageLabel":"Postalayotic T","ageQualifier":"the function is the open part","roomStatus":"open","summary":"T-shaped sandstone monuments stand in horseshoe precincts, aimed toward the southern sky.","callout":{"dx":-8,"dy":-32,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Taula_Torralba_01.jpg","alt":"A tall T of two sandstone blocks standing in a walled precinct with uprights around it.","author":"MontanNito","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taula_Torralba_01.jpg"}},{"id":"mitla","title":"Mitla","href":"/mexico/mitla","lat":16.9272,"lon":-96.3594,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"San Pablo Villa de Mitla, Oaxaca","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"Height around 1200","ageQualifier":"Zapotec and Mixtec, open at the edges","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Mosaics of fitted fretwork, columns and lintels each cut from one block, and tombs laid out as crosses.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Mitla%2C_Group_of_the_Columns%2C_Palace_of_Columns_%2820064199284%29.jpg","alt":"A long stone palace at Mitla, geometric fretwork banded above a rubble base.","author":"Arian Zwegers","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitla,_Group_of_the_Columns,_Palace_of_Columns_(20064199284).jpg"}},{"id":"monte-sierpe","title":"Monte Sierpe","href":"/peru/monte-sierpe","lat":-13.7167,"lon":-75.8667,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"A ridge on the north side of the Pisco Valley","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"Late Intermediate, and still used under the Inca","ageQualifier":"About 1000 to 1400, then the Inca century. The paper’s reading, not a foundation date.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"About 5,200 holes in a band 1.5 kilometres long. A 2025 study reads a Chincha marketplace later used as an Inca account.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Faixa_de_Buracos_-_Linhas_de_Nazca_-_Peru_-_Band_of_Holes_-_4_-_panoramio.jpg","alt":"Rows of holes running up a dry ridge, the Band of Holes at Monte Sierpe.","author":"Bruno7","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Faixa_de_Buracos_-_Linhas_de_Nazca_-_Peru_-_Band_of_Holes_-_4_-_panoramio.jpg"}},{"id":"nevali-cori","title":"Nevalı Çori","href":"/turkey/nevali-cori","lat":37.518333,"lon":38.605556,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Hilvan, now under the Atatürk reservoir","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"10,000+ years","ageQualifier":"dates approximate","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A T-pillar village on a stream terrace, then drowned by the dam.","callout":{"dx":-24,"dy":-64,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Neval%C4%B1_%C3%87ori_portrait%2C_Neolithic_age_%288400-8100_BCE%29%2C_Urfa_Museum.jpg/1920px-Neval%C4%B1_%C3%87ori_portrait%2C_Neolithic_age_%288400-8100_BCE%29%2C_Urfa_Museum.jpg","alt":"A stone head from Nevalı Çori in the Şanlıurfa museum.","author":"Dosseman","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neval%C4%B1_%C3%87ori_portrait%2C_Neolithic_age_%288400-8100_BCE%29%2C_Urfa_Museum.jpg"}},{"id":"pech-merle","title":"Pech Merle","href":"/france/pech-merle","lat":44.5074,"lon":1.6443,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"france","place":"Cabrerets, Lot","countryName":"France","ageLabel":"One charcoal result, 24,640 ± 390 BP","ageQualifier":"most of the black line is mineral and cannot be dated that way","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Spotted horses and hand stencils fill a cave visitors can still enter, and the date comes from a single speck of charcoal.","callout":{"dx":-26,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Chevaux_ponctu%C3%A9s_de_la_grotte_du_Pech_Merle.jpg/1280px-Chevaux_ponctu%C3%A9s_de_la_grotte_du_Pech_Merle.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Two spotted horses and hand stencils on a cave wall above a railing.","author":"Céréales Killer","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chevaux_ponctu%C3%A9s_de_la_grotte_du_Pech_Merle.jpg"}},{"id":"serra-da-capivara","title":"Serra da Capivara and Pedra Furada","href":"/brazil/serra-da-capivara","lat":-8.835,"lon":-42.555,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"Claims from 50,000 years ago, paintings from about 11,000","ageQualifier":"contested","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Painted rock shelters hold the most argued-over early dates for people in the Americas.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":40,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/S%C3%ADtio_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Boqueir%C3%A3o_da_Pedra_Furada.jpg/1280px-S%C3%ADtio_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Boqueir%C3%A3o_da_Pedra_Furada.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A painted sandstone panel at Boqueirão da Pedra Furada, red animals and human figures.","author":"Diego Rego Monteiro","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%ADtio_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Boqueir%C3%A3o_da_Pedra_Furada.jpg"}},{"id":"arkalochori-axe","title":"The Arkalochori Axe","href":"/greece/arkalochori-axe","lat":35.1407,"lon":25.2669,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"greece","place":"Heraklion Archaeological Museum, Crete","countryName":"Greece","ageLabel":"About 1700 to 1450 BC","ageQualifier":"The axe is dated by the cave deposit.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A bronze axe carries fifteen signs, in Minoan writing perhaps related to the Phaistos Disc.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Axt_von_Arkalochori_02.jpg/1280px-Axt_von_Arkalochori_02.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The Arkalochori Axe in the Heraklion Archaeological Museum: a bronze double axe with a line of small signs. A 2015 study argues the signs were cast from a carved mould.","author":"Olaf Tausch","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Axt_von_Arkalochori_02.jpg"}},{"id":"book-of-enoch","title":"The Book of Enoch","href":"/ethiopia/book-of-enoch","lat":11.62,"lon":37.405,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ethiopia","place":"Preserved in Ge'ez; early pieces from the Dead Sea caves","countryName":"Ethiopia","ageLabel":"Sections from about the 3rd century BCE; complete in Ge'ez","ageQualifier":"Aramaic fragments at Qumran. Full book only in Ethiopic.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Jewish apocalypse kept whole only in Ge'ez, quoted in Jude, and still in Ethiopia's Bible.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Etiopia%2C_libro_di_enoch_%28in_ge%27ez%29%2C_xviii_secolo_%28bnf%29.jpg","alt":"An open Ge'ez manuscript of the Book of Enoch, parchment pages with Ethiopic script.","author":"Francesco Bini","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Etiopia,_libro_di_enoch_(in_ge%27ez),_xviii_secolo_(bnf).jpg"}},{"id":"khambhat","title":"The Gulf of Khambhat","href":"/india/khambhat","lat":21.6,"lon":72.45,"placement":"coast","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Gulf of Khambhat, Gujarat","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"A sonar picture","ageQualifier":"the wood is not a floor","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Sonar squares read as a city. The date comes from dredged wood, not from a sealed layer.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":28,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/khambhat-sonar.svg","alt":"Diagram of sonar squares in the Gulf of Khambhat and a date taken from dredged wood.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30244516.ece"}},{"id":"olmec-jade","title":"The Kunz Axe and Olmec Jade","href":"/mexico/olmec-jade","lat":17.06,"lon":-96.72,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"Olmec heartland and Oaxaca","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"About 1200 to 400 BC","ageQualifier":"dated by style","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A jade figure, half axe and half jaguar-faced man, carved without metal from a stone harder than steel.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kunz_axe%2C_Olmec_-_Mesoamerican_objects_in_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History_-_DSC06013.JPG/1280px-Kunz_axe%2C_Olmec_-_Mesoamerican_objects_in_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History_-_DSC06013.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The Kunz Axe in the American Museum of Natural History, blue-green jade, a snarling jaguar-like mouth, the lower part shaped as an axe blade.","author":"Daderot","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kunz_axe,_Olmec_-_Mesoamerican_objects_in_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History_-_DSC06013.JPG"}},{"id":"maykop-kurgan","title":"The Maykop kurgan","href":"/russia/maykop-kurgan","lat":44.6098,"lon":40.1006,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Maykop, Republic of Adygea","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"About 3700 to 3000 BC","ageQualifier":"a chief buried with gold bulls","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A mound in the Caucasus that held a chief buried under a canopy on silver poles with gold bulls, as old as the first cities.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kurgan-3_Maykop.JPG/1280px-Kurgan-3_Maykop.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A white memorial stone with circular panels showing a bull and vessels.","author":"Alexander Tsirlin","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kurgan-3_Maykop.JPG"}},{"id":"monte-alto","title":"The Monte Alto heads","href":"/guatemala/monte-alto","lat":14.2306,"lon":-90.9481,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"guatemala","place":"La Democracia, Escuintla","countryName":"Guatemala","ageLabel":"About 500 BC to AD 200","ageQualifier":"Magnetic sculptures","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Giant heads and potbellied figures carved from boulders, with magnetic spots placed where the faces and the navels are.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Barrigones_of_La_Democracia_Escuintla_Guatemala.jpg/1280px-Barrigones_of_La_Democracia_Escuintla_Guatemala.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Two large rounded stone heads with simple faces, set on pedestals in a park.","author":"Soaring Bear","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barrigones_of_La_Democracia_Escuintla_Guatemala.jpg"}},{"id":"qanats","title":"The Persian Qanats","href":"/iran/qanats","lat":34.33,"lon":58.68,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iran","place":"Gonabad, Razavi Khorasan","countryName":"Iran","ageLabel":"About 500 BC to today","ageQualifier":"Underground water channels","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Hand-dug tunnels, some of them tens of kilometres long, still bring water across the dry plateau of Iran after more than two thousand years.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ghasabe_Qanats_of_Gonabad.jpg/1280px-Ghasabe_Qanats_of_Gonabad.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A lit earth tunnel with water along its floor.","author":"Tavasoli mohsen","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ghasabe_Qanats_of_Gonabad.jpg"}},{"id":"three-rivers","title":"Three Rivers petroglyphs","href":"/united-states/three-rivers","lat":33.348,"lon":-106.012,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Three Rivers Petroglyph Site, Otero County, New Mexico","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"About AD 200 to 1450","ageQualifier":"Jornada Mogollon, by the land manager","roomStatus":"open","summary":"More than 21,000 pecked images cover a basalt ridge of the Jornada Mogollon, with a solstice-shadow claim the site’s own account does not make.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Three_Rivers_Petroglyphs.jpg","alt":"Dark basalt boulders, pecked with a light spiral and a horned four-legged animal, and desert shrubs standing between them.","author":"Dusty Matthews","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Three_Rivers_Petroglyphs.jpg"}},{"id":"vitrified-forts","title":"Vitrified forts","href":"/united-kingdom/vitrified-forts","lat":57.3703,"lon":-2.8636,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-kingdom","place":"Tap o' Noth, Rhynie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and other Scottish hilltops","countryName":"United Kingdom","ageLabel":"Iron Age, and into Pictish times","ageQualifier":"The summit wall at Tap o' Noth dates to the last centuries BC. The settlement below runs to the 6th century AD.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Hilltop walls whose stones were melted into glass. The heat has been measured. How it was reached, and why, is still argued.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Looking_towards_Tap_o%27_Noth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_8136835.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Tap o' Noth from the fields below, a steep, conical hill with a flat summit where the fort stands.","author":"Anne Burgess","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Looking_towards_Tap_o%27_Noth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_8136835.jpg"}},{"id":"boncuklu-tarla","title":"Boncuklu Tarla","href":"/turkey/boncuklu-tarla","lat":37.529444,"lon":41.832361,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Dargeçit, Mardin","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"12,000+ years","ageQualifier":"dates debated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Buildings and beads from before pottery.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-78,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Boncuklu_Tarla%2C_Dargecit_Neolithic_temple_%28top_view%29.jpg","alt":"Aerial view of a rectangular public building under excavation at Boncuklu Tarla.","author":"Halil Ibrahim Sincar, Anadolu Agency","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boncuklu_Tarla,_Dargecit_Neolithic_temple_(top_view).jpg"}},{"id":"bruniquel-cave","title":"Bruniquel Cave","href":"/france/bruniquel-cave","lat":44.0642,"lon":1.6758,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"france","place":"Bruniquel, Tarn-et-Garonne","countryName":"France","ageLabel":"176,500 ± 2,100 years","ageQualifier":"uranium-series on the calcite that seals the structures","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Stalagmite rings 336 metres inside a French cave are dated to 176,500 years, with traces of fire and no modern humans in Europe yet.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/La_structure_de_la_grotte_de_Bruniquel.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Broken stalagmite pieces laid in rows and heaps on a cave floor, with people standing among taller columns behind them.","author":"Luc-Henri Fage / SSAC","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_structure_de_la_grotte_de_Bruniquel.jpg"}},{"id":"chinook-adena-heads","title":"Chinook and Adena head shaping","href":"/united-states/chinook-adena-heads","lat":46.256,"lon":-123.923,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Columbia River, and the Adena mounds of the Ohio Valley","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"Seen in the 1800s, and in Adena graves","ageQualifier":"cradles, not a species","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Forehead boards on the Columbia and cradleboards in Adena graves, set beside the claim that some of these skulls grew that way, so you can weigh both.","callout":{"dx":-28,"dy":-12,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Kane_Flathead_Child.jpg","alt":"A watercolour of an infant bound on a slanted wooden cradle, a pad at the head, the caption calling the child Chinook.","author":"Paul Kane","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kane_Flathead_Child.jpg"}},{"id":"daisenryo","title":"Daisenryō","href":"/japan/daisenryo","lat":34.5644,"lon":135.4875,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"japan","place":"Sakai, Osaka","countryName":"Japan","ageLabel":"Fifth century","ageQualifier":"largest keyhole tomb; imperial interior not excavated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The largest keyhole burial mound in Japan — about 486 metres long — is closed to excavation, with only a chance 1872 glimpse inside.","callout":{"dx":-26,"dy":12,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Daisenryo_Kofun_from_balloon.jpg/1280px-Daisenryo_Kofun_from_balloon.jpg","alt":"Balloon view of the vast keyhole-shaped Daisenryō mound and its moats.","author":"Sakai Yayoi","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daisenryo_Kofun_from_balloon.jpg"}},{"id":"doggerland","title":"Doggerland","href":"/ocean/doggerland","lat":54.6,"lon":2.2,"placement":"ocean","showOnWorld":true,"countrySlug":null,"place":"Under the southern North Sea, east of England","countryName":null,"ageLabel":"Dry land until about 9000 years ago, a last island to about 7000","ageQualifier":"Drowned by rising seas. A great wave struck about 8150 years ago.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Doggerland is a lost country under the North Sea, where people hunted and fished until the water took it island by island.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Doggerland.png/1280px-Doggerland.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Four maps of the southern North Sea at four stages.","author":"James Walker, Vincent Gaffney, Simon Fitch, Merle Muru, Andrew Fraser, Martin Bates and Richard Bates (Antiquity, 2020)","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doggerland.png"}},{"id":"kailasa","title":"Kailasa at Ellora","href":"/india/kailasa","lat":20.0236,"lon":75.179,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Ellora, Maharashtra","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"Cut from one cliff","ageQualifier":"the mass is not agreed","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A temple cut from the basalt, called a technological exploit, and still without an agreed tonnage.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-40,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Aerial_view_of_Ellora_Caves%2C_Maharashtra.jpg","alt":"The Kailasa temple in its cut court at Ellora, seen from inside the court, with visitors on the ground.","author":"Ankur22Oct","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Ellora_Caves,_Maharashtra.jpg"}},{"id":"niuheliang-hongshan","title":"Niuheliang and the Hongshan Jades","href":"/china/niuheliang-hongshan","lat":41.32,"lon":119.52,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Jianping and Lingyuan, Liaoning","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"About 3500 to 3000 BC","ageQualifier":"Hongshan culture","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A goddess temple with a clay face and jade eyes, cairns full of jade, and the coiled pig-dragons that may be the first Chinese dragons.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hongshan_Culture_-_Jade_Pig-Dragon_01.jpg/1280px-Hongshan_Culture_-_Jade_Pig-Dragon_01.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A coiled pale green jade creature with a blunt pig-like head.","author":"Gary Todd","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hongshan_Culture_-_Jade_Pig-Dragon_01.jpg"}},{"id":"pakal-lid","title":"Pakal's Sarcophagus Lid","href":"/mexico/pakal-lid","lat":17.4836,"lon":-92.0466,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"Temple of the Inscriptions, Palenque","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"AD 683","ageQualifier":"dated by the inscriptions","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A carved stone lid shows a man leaning back in what looks like a cockpit, or a king falling into the underworld under the world tree.","callout":{"dx":-100,"dy":30,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/L%C3%A1pida_del_sarc%C3%B3fago_de_Pakal_-_A742513.jpg/1280px-L%C3%A1pida_del_sarc%C3%B3fago_de_Pakal_-_A742513.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A full-size museum copy of Pakal's sarcophagus lid, a carved slab with a reclining figure at the centre and a cross-shaped tree above him.","author":"Rjcastillo","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:L%C3%A1pida_del_sarc%C3%B3fago_de_Pakal_-_A742513.jpg"}},{"id":"paracas","title":"Paracas","href":"/peru/paracas","lat":-13.794,"lon":-76.273,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"The north face of the Paracas peninsula","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"A figure the ministry calls an enigma","ageQualifier":"About 170 metres long, while the skulls are a different question, and they are human.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"There is a geoglyph about 170 metres long and 1.20 metres deep, and elongated skulls whose shape is binding and whose tested DNA is human.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Candelabro_de_Paracas_02.JPG","alt":"The Paracas Candelabra cut into the sandy slope above the bay.","author":"Charles Gadbois","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Candelabro_de_Paracas_02.JPG"}},{"id":"pazyryk","title":"Pazyryk and the Ice Maiden","href":"/russia/pazyryk","lat":50.7333,"lon":88.25,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Pazyryk valley and Ukok plateau, Altai Republic","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"About 5th to 3rd century BC","ageQualifier":"the frozen tombs of the Altai","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Frozen tombs in the Altai where skin, tattoos, felt and the oldest knotted carpet survived for 2,400 years.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":-22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Pazyryk_carpet.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A large red wool carpet with a grid of squares and borders of animals and riders.","author":"User:Schreiber","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pazyryk_carpet.jpg"}},{"id":"sambor-prei-kuk","title":"Sambor Prei Kuk","href":"/cambodia/sambor-prei-kuk","lat":12.8706,"lon":105.0433,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cambodia","place":"Sambor Prei Kuk, ancient Ishanapura","countryName":"Cambodia","ageLabel":"Late 6th and early 7th centuries","ageQualifier":"UNESCO's brief says more than a hundred temples, ten octagonal. The longer text says 186.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The brick capital of Ishanapura, centuries before Angkor's stone, with towers still standing in the trees and towers that UNESCO describes as octagonal. The brief says more than a hundred temples. The longer text says 186.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Sambor_Prei_Kuk_%282014%29.jpg","alt":"A tall brick tower at Sambor Prei Kuk, with a carved stone door and steps, standing in trees.","author":"PIERRE ANDRE LECLERCQ","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sambor_Prei_Kuk_(2014).jpg"}},{"id":"takalik-abaj","title":"Takalik Abaj","href":"/guatemala/takalik-abaj","lat":14.6378,"lon":-91.7339,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"guatemala","place":"El Asintal, Retalhuleu","countryName":"Guatemala","ageLabel":"About 1000 BC to AD 1000","ageQualifier":"Olmec and Maya city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A city where Olmec sculpture gave way to Maya kings, with some of the earliest Maya dates and water running in channels under the terraces.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/TakalikAbajStructure12.jpg/1280px-TakalikAbajStructure12.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A low stepped platform of rounded stones on a lawn, trees standing around it.","author":"Simon Burchell","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TakalikAbajStructure12.jpg"}},{"id":"ethiopian-bible","title":"The Ethiopian Bible","href":"/ethiopia/ethiopian-bible","lat":9.03,"lon":38.75,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ethiopia","place":"Ge'ez canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church","countryName":"Ethiopia","ageLabel":"Living 81-book Ge'ez canon","ageQualifier":"Broader than Protestant, Catholic, or Eastern Orthodox lists.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An 81-book Bible in Ge'ez that keeps Enoch, Jubilees, and other books Western canons dropped.","callout":{"dx":-100,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Bible_tana.jpg","alt":"A large bound Ethiopic Bible on display near Lake Tana.","author":"Zheim","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bible_tana.jpg"}},{"id":"inga","title":"The Ingá Stone","href":"/brazil/inga","lat":-7.2828,"lon":-35.6356,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"Ingá, Paraíba","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"Undated, carved before the colonial era","ageQualifier":"unknown","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A rock wall in a riverbed covered with deep, polished carvings no one can read.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pedra_do_Ing%C3%A1_-_inscri%C3%A7%C3%B5es_rupestres_entalhadas.jpg/1280px-Pedra_do_Ing%C3%A1_-_inscri%C3%A7%C3%B5es_rupestres_entalhadas.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The Ingá Stone.","author":"Claudio JJ","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pedra_do_Ing%C3%A1_-_inscri%C3%A7%C3%B5es_rupestres_entalhadas.jpg"}},{"id":"trinil-shell","title":"The Trinil shell","href":"/indonesia/trinil-shell","lat":-7.373,"lon":111.356,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"indonesia","place":"Trinil, on the Solo River, East Java","countryName":"Indonesia","ageLabel":"430,000–540,000 years","ageQualifier":"sediment inside shells from the main bone layer","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A freshwater shell from Trinil with a geometric engraving, dated by the sand inside it to between about 430,000 and 540,000 years, in the Dubois collection.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_Museum_-_Exhibition_Primeval_parade_24_-_Skull_cap_of_Pithecantropus_erectus%2C_now_Homo_erectus.jpg/1280px-Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_Museum_-_Exhibition_Primeval_parade_24_-_Skull_cap_of_Pithecantropus_erectus%2C_now_Homo_erectus.jpg","alt":"A museum case with a dark skullcap, a thigh bone, and a pale shell, from the Trinil finds.","author":"Henk Caspers, Naturalis","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Naturalis_Biodiversity_Center_-_Museum_-_Exhibition_Primeval_parade_24_-_Skull_cap_of_Pithecantropus_erectus,_now_Homo_erectus.jpg"}},{"id":"turoe-stone","title":"Turoe Stone","href":"/ireland/turoe-stone","lat":53.273,"lon":-8.56,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ireland","place":"Turoe, County Galway","countryName":"Ireland","ageLabel":"Iron Age, about 300 to 100 BC for the carving style","ageQualifier":"La Tène ornament on granite; original setting argued","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A granite boulder covered in La Tène spirals, Iron Age art whose setting and purpose stay open.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Stone_of_Turoe.JPG/1280px-Stone_of_Turoe.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Carved granite Turoe stone with swirling ornament.","author":"Dirk Huth","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stone_of_Turoe.JPG"}},{"id":"unfinished-obelisk","title":"Unfinished obelisk","href":"/egypt/unfinished-obelisk","lat":24.078,"lon":32.896,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Aswan","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"New Kingdom quarry","ageQualifier":"abandoned when it cracked","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A cracked granite shaft is still in the quarry.","callout":{"dx":-90,"dy":8,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Assuan_Unvollendeter_Obelisk_34.jpg/1280px-Assuan_Unvollendeter_Obelisk_34.jpg","alt":"The quarry trench around the unfinished obelisk.","author":"Olaf Tausch","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Assuan_Unvollendeter_Obelisk_34.jpg"}},{"id":"babylon","title":"Babylon and the Tower of Babel","href":"/iraq/babylon","lat":32.5422,"lon":44.4211,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iraq","place":"Hillah, Babylon Governorate","countryName":"Iraq","ageLabel":"About 2300 BC to AD 200","ageQualifier":"city of the Tower of Babel","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The Ishtar Gate still stands in glazed brick, the Hanging Gardens remain a legend without a findspot, and a real tower here became the Tower of Babel.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Museo_de_P%C3%A9rgamo_05.jpg/1280px-Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Museo_de_P%C3%A9rgamo_05.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A tall blue-glazed gate with rows of bulls and dragons.","author":"LBM1948","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Berl%C3%ADn,_Museo_de_P%C3%A9rgamo_05.jpg"}},{"id":"banteay-chhmar","title":"Banteay Chhmar","href":"/cambodia/banteay-chhmar","lat":14.071,"lon":103.1,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"cambodia","place":"Thma Puok district, Banteay Meanchey, in the northwest","countryName":"Cambodia","ageLabel":"late 12th–early 13th century","ageQualifier":"a temple city of Jayavarman VII","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A vast ruined temple of Jayavarman VII in northwest Cambodia, with face towers and battle reliefs, far from the Angkor crowds. Eight multi-armed figures on the western gallery face the sunset.","callout":{"dx":-14,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Banteay_Chhmar_-_072_Striking_Face_%288594528980%29.jpg/1280px-Banteay_Chhmar_-_072_Striking_Face_%288594528980%29.jpg","alt":"A stone face with a slight smile and a patterned headdress, carved on a dark wall beside other relief.","author":"Anandajoti Bhikkhu, Photo Dharma","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Banteay_Chhmar_-_072_Striking_Face_(8594528980).jpg"}},{"id":"cahokia","title":"Cahokia","href":"/united-states/cahokia","lat":38.66,"lon":-90.062,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Collinsville, Illinois","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"About AD 1050 to 1150 at its height","ageQualifier":"Mississippian city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A city of mounds opposite St. Louis, with a timber circle aimed at the sun and a population that is still being counted.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Monks_Mound_in_July.JPG","alt":"A huge grassy mound with two modern stairways climbing its terraces, under a blue sky.","author":"Skubasteve834","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monks_Mound_in_July.JPG"}},{"id":"caracol","title":"Caracol","href":"/belize/caracol","lat":16.7633,"lon":-89.1175,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"belize","place":"Chiquibul Forest Reserve, Cayo","countryName":"Belize","ageLabel":"About 600 BC to AD 900","ageQualifier":"Maya city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The largest Maya city in Belize, whose size only lidar revealed, and the hidden cities of the north such as Maax Na.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Caracol_Caana.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A huge stepped stone pyramid rising above a grass plaza.","author":"Elelicht","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caracol_Caana.JPG"}},{"id":"colossi-of-memnon","title":"Colossi of Memnon","href":"/egypt/colossi-of-memnon","lat":25.7206,"lon":32.6106,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Luxor, west bank","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"Eighteenth Dynasty","ageQualifier":"the haul is the question","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Two quartzite colossi of Amenhotep III, hauled upstream from near Cairo, and one that sang.","callout":{"dx":-72,"dy":-24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Colosos_de_Memn%C3%B3n%2C_Luxor%2C_Egipto%2C_2022-04-03%2C_DD_131.jpg/1280px-Colosos_de_Memn%C3%B3n%2C_Luxor%2C_Egipto%2C_2022-04-03%2C_DD_131.jpg","alt":"Two seated colossal statues in a sandy court, people standing at their feet, cliffs behind.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Colosos_de_Memn%C3%B3n,_Luxor,_Egipto,_2022-04-03,_DD_131.jpg"}},{"id":"gargas","title":"Gargas","href":"/france/gargas","lat":43.0553,"lon":0.5361,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"france","place":"Aventignan, Hautes-Pyrénées","countryName":"France","ageLabel":"26,860 ± 460 BP on a bone, not the paint","ageQualifier":"uncalibrated radiocarbon from a crack beside the hand wall","roomStatus":"open","summary":"More than 200 hand stencils in a Pyrenean cave, many with fingers that look shortened, dated by a bone in the wall rather than by the paint.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gargas_-_Grande_Paroi_-_Panneau_6-_Mains_noires_et_rouges_doigts_incomplets_sauf_pouce_-_YR.jpg/1280px-Gargas_-_Grande_Paroi_-_Panneau_6-_Mains_noires_et_rouges_doigts_incomplets_sauf_pouce_-_YR.jpg","alt":"Faint red and black hand stencils on a cracked, cream-coloured cave wall.","author":"Yoan Rumeau","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gargas_-_Grande_Paroi_-_Panneau_6-_Mains_noires_et_rouges_doigts_incomplets_sauf_pouce_-_YR.jpg"}},{"id":"harbetsuvan","title":"Harbetsuvan Tepesi","href":"/turkey/harbetsuvan","lat":37.0487,"lon":39.2525,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Eyyübiye, Şanlıurfa","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"10,000+ years","ageQualifier":"dates approximate","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A small T-pillar hill near Karahan Tepe.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":56,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Harbetsuvan_Hill.jpg","alt":"Cut rock and standing stones in the excavated bedrock at Harbetsuvan Tepesi.","author":"Hasan Gülday","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harbetsuvan_Hill.jpg"}},{"id":"orkney","title":"Heart of Neolithic Orkney","href":"/united-kingdom/orkney","lat":59,"lon":-3.23,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-kingdom","place":"West Mainland, Orkney","countryName":"United Kingdom","ageLabel":"About 3300 to 2500 BC","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A village, a temple complex and a tomb aligned on midwinter, within a few kilometres of one another on an island at the edge of Europe.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/The_Ring_of_Brodgar_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5808764.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"The Ring of Brodgar on its strip of land between two lochs.","author":"Gordon Brown","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Ring_of_Brodgar_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5808764.jpg"}},{"id":"kapova-cave","title":"Kapova Cave","href":"/russia/kapova-cave","lat":53.0431,"lon":57.0636,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Shulgan-Tash (Kapova Cave), Bashkortostan","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"About 36,000 to 14,500 years ago","ageQualifier":"Ice Age paintings in the Urals","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An Ice Age painted cave in the southern Urals, with mammoths, horses, and the only known prehistoric painting of a camel.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kapova_Cave_%28Portal%29.jpg/1280px-Kapova_Cave_%28Portal%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A huge arched cave portal seen from inside, with visitors silhouetted.","author":"SoloveiYegor","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kapova_Cave_(Portal).jpg"}},{"id":"lagoa-santa","title":"Lagoa Santa, Luzia and Lapa do Santo","href":"/brazil/lagoa-santa","lat":-19.48,"lon":-44.04,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"Lagoa Santa karst, Minas Gerais","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"About 12,700 years ago onward","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon and OSL","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Limestone caves holding some of the oldest people in the Americas, and an argument about where they came from.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lapa_do_Santo_-_Overview_-_Outside_view_001.jpg/1280px-Lapa_do_Santo_-_Overview_-_Outside_view_001.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Lapa do Santo from outside.","author":"Strauss MAE-USP","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lapa_do_Santo_-_Overview_-_Outside_view_001.jpg"}},{"id":"nazca","title":"Nazca","href":"/peru/nazca","lat":-14.739,"lon":-75.13,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"The pampa inland from the southern coast","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"Nazca centuries, and a count that doubled in 2024","ageQualifier":"The figures are Nazca, and the new count is a field check of an AI list.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Geoglyphs on a desert pavement, and a 2024 survey confirmed 303 new figurative ones and split them into two purposes.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/L%C3%ADneas_de_Nazca%2C_Nazca%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-29%2C_DD_52.JPG","alt":"Nazca geoglyphs seen from the air, pale lines on the dark desert pavement.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:L%C3%ADneas_de_Nazca,_Nazca,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-29,_DD_52.JPG"}},{"id":"teyuna","title":"Teyuna","href":"/colombia/teyuna","lat":11.038,"lon":-73.9252,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"colombia","place":"Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta","countryName":"Colombia","ageLabel":"About 560–1600 CE","ageQualifier":"core plan after about 1100","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Tairona stone town, mostly unexcavated, already named.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Panor%C3%A1mica_Terraza_Final_Ciudad_Perdida_16-04-2019.jpg/1280px-Panor%C3%A1mica_Terraza_Final_Ciudad_Perdida_16-04-2019.jpg","alt":"Round grass terraces with stone walls, stacked on a forested ridge among palms and mountains.","author":"Lilo2111","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Panor%C3%A1mica_Terraza_Final_Ciudad_Perdida_16-04-2019.jpg"}},{"id":"crystal-skulls","title":"The Crystal Skulls","href":"/mexico/crystal-skulls","lat":19.426,"lon":-99.1863,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"Museums in London, Paris, Washington and Mexico City","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"Most made in the 19th century","ageQualifier":"dated by tool marks","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Life-size skulls carved from quartz, offered as Aztec or older. Laboratory work on the tool marks gives the large ones a later date.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/British_Museum_Crystal_Skull_26072013_02.jpg/1280px-British_Museum_Crystal_Skull_26072013_02.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The British Museum crystal skull, a life-size human skull carved from one block of clear quartz.","author":"Vassil","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:British_Museum_Crystal_Skull_26072013_02.jpg"}},{"id":"tiankeng","title":"The Heavenly Pits","href":"/china/tiankeng","lat":24.808,"lon":106.444,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Leye, Guangxi, and Fengjie, Chongqing","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"Formed over the last few million years","ageQualifier":"still forming","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Sinkholes more than 600 metres deep, with forests on their floors cut off from the world above, and one found with satellite images in 2022.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":28,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/%E4%B9%90%E4%B8%9A%E7%A9%BF%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9%E5%9D%9120141003_-_panoramio_%2831%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Sheer pale limestone cliffs rising above dense forest at the bottom of a sinkhole.","author":"Qiu Mao","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B9%90%E4%B8%9A%E7%A9%BF%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9%E5%9D%9120141003_-_panoramio_(31).jpg"}},{"id":"kebra-nagast","title":"The Kebra Nagast","href":"/ethiopia/kebra-nagast","lat":14.129,"lon":38.721,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"ethiopia","place":"Ge'ez national epic; narrative centred on Aksum and Jerusalem","countryName":"Ethiopia","ageLabel":"Ge'ez text of the fourteenth century","ageQualifier":"Colophon tradition 1314–1322; some work places final form in the 1340s.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The Glory of the Kings — Sheba, Solomon, Menelik, and the Ark's journey to Ethiopia, weighed as history and as dynastic text.","callout":{"dx":-14,"dy":-36,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Saba_ephiop_Queen_of_Sheba_meets_King_Solomon.jpg","alt":"Ethiopian painting of the Queen of Sheba meeting King Solomon.","author":"Anonymous Ethiopian painter","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saba_ephiop_Queen_of_Sheba_meets_King_Solomon.jpg"}},{"id":"konark","title":"The wheels at Konark","href":"/india/konark","lat":19.8875,"lon":86.0947,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Konark, Odisha","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"Thirteenth century","ageQualifier":"chariot, not a measured dial","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Twenty-four wheels, each about 3 metres, on a sun temple whose tower is gone.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Konark_Wheel_in_Konark_Temple.jpg","alt":"A carved stone wheel on the Sun Temple at Konark.","author":"Shiva16pixels","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Konark_Wheel_in_Konark_Temple.jpg"}},{"id":"assyria","title":"Assyria: Nineveh and Nimrud","href":"/iraq/assyria","lat":36.25,"lon":43.25,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iraq","place":"Mosul and Nimrud, Nineveh Governorate","countryName":"Iraq","ageLabel":"About 900 to 612 BC","ageQualifier":"capitals of the Assyrian empire","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Palaces guarded by winged bulls, fish-cloaked sages carrying buckets, a crystal lens, and a library that kept the flood story.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Nimrud_081119-F-5855M-033.jpg/1280px-Nimrud_081119-F-5855M-033.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A broad excavated mound with brick walls and trenches.","author":"Staff Sgt. JoAnn Makinano","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nimrud_081119-F-5855M-033.jpg"}},{"id":"cayonu","title":"Çayönü","href":"/turkey/cayonu","lat":38.216,"lon":39.725,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Ergani, Diyarbakır","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"11,000+ years","ageQualifier":"dates approximate","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Grill houses, a skull building, and copper.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-70,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cay%C3%B6n%C3%BC%20-%20skull-building.jpg?width=1280","alt":"The building called the skull building at Çayönü.","author":"Krähenstein","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cay%C3%B6n%C3%BC_-_skull-building.jpg"}},{"id":"lake-nasser","title":"Lake Nasser","href":"/egypt/lake-nasser","lat":24.025,"lon":32.884,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Lake Nasser","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"Drowned in the 1960s","ageQualifier":"the rescue is the fact","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Temples moved, and a reported anomaly below.","callout":{"dx":70,"dy":12,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/lake-nasser-rescue.svg","alt":"Diagram showing Abu Simbel and Philae moved above Lake Nasser, with the unmoved ground left undrawn.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/88/"}},{"id":"lubaantun","title":"Lubaantun","href":"/belize/lubaantun","lat":16.2808,"lon":-88.9608,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"belize","place":"Toledo District","countryName":"Belize","ageLabel":"About AD 730 to 890","ageQualifier":"Maya city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A late Maya city of mortarless stone and rounded corners, with three ballcourts, no stelae, musical whistles, and a crystal skull said to have been found there.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lubaantun_04.jpg/1280px-Lubaantun_04.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A stepped stone pyramid with rounded corners, standing on a lawn.","author":"Kaldari","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lubaantun_04.jpg"}},{"id":"newark-earthworks","title":"Newark Earthworks","href":"/united-states/newark-earthworks","lat":40.054,"lon":-82.446,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Newark and Heath, Ohio","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"About 2,000 to 1,600 years ago","ageQualifier":"Hopewell enclosures","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A lunar octagon and a great circle of the Hopewell centuries, inscribed for the moon and still argued as a coincidence of numbers.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":14,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Walls_at_the_Octagon_in_Newark.jpg","alt":"Low grassy banks curving through a park-like lawn with evergreen trees, the fairway of an old golf course between them.","author":"Nyttend","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Walls_at_the_Octagon_in_Newark.jpg"}},{"id":"sundaland","title":"Sundaland","href":"/ocean/sundaland","lat":-5.2,"lon":112,"placement":"ocean","showOnWorld":true,"countrySlug":null,"place":"The Java Sea, on the drowned Sunda Shelf","countryName":null,"ageLabel":"A drowned Ice Age plain","ageQualifier":"about 120 metres of sea, and a faster rise inside that","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The low sea that joined Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, and the shore that is only a contour.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Sundaland-at-the-Last-Glacial-Maximum-showing-the-modern-distribution-of-land-in-dark.png","alt":"A map of Sundaland at the last glacial maximum, today's land in dark grey and the exposed shelf in pale grey.","author":"ש.מירון","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sundaland-at-the-Last-Glacial-Maximum-showing-the-modern-distribution-of-land-in-dark.png"}},{"id":"pedra-da-gavea","title":"The Face of Pedra da Gávea","href":"/brazil/pedra-da-gavea","lat":-22.998,"lon":-43.285,"placement":"coast","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"Rock about 450 to 600 million years old; the inscription claim from 1839","ageQualifier":"geology","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A sea cliff carries a face, and marks once read as an ancient inscription.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pedra_da_Gavea_Face_in_the_Air.jpg/1280px-Pedra_da_Gavea_Face_in_the_Air.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The summit block of Pedra da Gávea seen side on from the air.","author":"Donatas Dabravolskas","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pedra_da_Gavea_Face_in_the_Air.jpg"}},{"id":"brihadisvara","title":"The granite block at Thanjavur","href":"/india/brihadisvara","lat":10.7828,"lon":79.1318,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"Chola, inaugurated 1009–10","ageQualifier":"the 80-ton block","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An octagonal dome resting on one granite block, a square of 7.8 metres, weighing 80 tons.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Brihadeeswarar_Temple_02.jpg","alt":"The carved entrance gateway at Thanjavur, with the main tower beyond it.","author":"Bernard Gagnon","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brihadeeswarar_Temple_02.jpg"}},{"id":"longyou-caves","title":"The Longyou Caves","href":"/china/longyou-caves","lat":29.06,"lon":119.19,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Longyou, Quzhou, Zhejiang","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"More than 2,000 years old","ageQualifier":"Han pottery in the silt","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Twenty-four caverns cut by hand into sandstone, found under village ponds in 1992, with no record of who made them or why.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Longyou_Xiaonanhai_Shishi_2016.12.11_15-51-03.jpg/1280px-Longyou_Xiaonanhai_Shishi_2016.12.11_15-51-03.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A huge lit underground chamber cut in red sandstone with a pillar and striped walls.","author":"Zhangzhugang","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Longyou_Xiaonanhai_Shishi_2016.12.11_15-51-03.jpg"}},{"id":"paracas-skulls","title":"The Paracas Elongated Skulls","href":"/peru/paracas-skulls","lat":-13.9,"lon":-76.05,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"Paracas peninsula and Ica museums","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"About 800 to 100 BC","ageQualifier":"They are dated by the cemeteries.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Skulls stretched long and high, bound in infancy, or formed another way?","callout":{"dx":-100,"dy":30,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/ParacasSkullsIcaMuseum.jpg/1280px-ParacasSkullsIcaMuseum.jpg","alt":"Three elongated skulls on white stands in a museum case, the vaults tall and the foreheads sloping.","author":"Marcin Tlustochowicz","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ParacasSkullsIcaMuseum.jpg"}},{"id":"onega-white-sea-petroglyphs","title":"The petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea","href":"/russia/onega-white-sea-petroglyphs","lat":61.6717,"lon":35.6017,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Besov Nos, Lake Onega, Karelia","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"About 4500 to 3500 BC","ageQualifier":"swans and demons on the shore","roomStatus":"open","summary":"More than 4,500 Stone Age carvings on the shores of Lake Onega and the White Sea, swans and hunters among them, and a demon that someone later crossed out.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":-22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Onega_petroglyphs_Hermitage.JPG/1280px-Onega_petroglyphs_Hermitage.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A rock slab covered with pale carved figures of birds and people.","author":"Пётр Иванов","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Onega_petroglyphs_Hermitage.JPG"}},{"id":"uxmal","title":"Uxmal","href":"/mexico/uxmal","lat":20.3594,"lon":-89.7714,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"Santa Elena, Yucatán","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"Sixth to tenth century","ageQualifier":"five phases, and a Venus line still argued","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A rounded pyramid of five phases, Puuc mosaic walls, and a palace aimed at Venus.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-28,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/2014-01-02_Uxmal_Pyramide_des_Zauberers_Nordwestansicht_anagoria.JPG","alt":"A steep rounded stone pyramid, temples stacked near the summit and ruined buildings at its foot.","author":"Anagoria","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2014-01-02_Uxmal_Pyramide_des_Zauberers_Nordwestansicht_anagoria.JPG"}},{"id":"abu-simbel","title":"Abu Simbel","href":"/egypt/abu-simbel","lat":22.337,"lon":31.626,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Abu Simbel","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"Reign of Ramesses II","ageQualifier":"the sun is measured","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The sun reaches three statues, on a run of February and October dawns.","callout":{"dx":60,"dy":36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Templo_de_Rams%C3%A9s_II%2C_Abu_Simbel%2C_Egipto%2C_2022-04-02%2C_DD_03.jpg/1280px-Templo_de_Rams%C3%A9s_II%2C_Abu_Simbel%2C_Egipto%2C_2022-04-02%2C_DD_03.jpg","alt":"Abu Simbel.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Templo_de_Rams%C3%A9s_II,_Abu_Simbel,_Egipto,_2022-04-02,_DD_03.jpg"}},{"id":"actun-tunichil-muknal","title":"Actun Tunichil Muknal","href":"/belize/actun-tunichil-muknal","lat":17.1167,"lon":-88.85,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"belize","place":"Near Teakettle, Cayo","countryName":"Belize","ageLabel":"About AD 300 to 960","ageQualifier":"Ritual cave","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A cave where the Maya walked half a kilometre underground to leave pots and people, now fused to the floor by calcite.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/The_Crystal_Maiden_-_Actun_Tunichil_Muknal_Cave%2C_San_Ignacio%2C_BELIZE.jpg/1280px-The_Crystal_Maiden_-_Actun_Tunichil_Muknal_Cave%2C_San_Ignacio%2C_BELIZE.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A human skeleton on the cave floor, the bones coated in a shining mineral.","author":"Bernard DUPONT","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Crystal_Maiden_-_Actun_Tunichil_Muknal_Cave,_San_Ignacio,_BELIZE.jpg"}},{"id":"arzhan","title":"Arzhan","href":"/russia/arzhan","lat":52.0833,"lon":93.6833,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Arzhan, Uyuk valley, Tuva","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"About 9th to 7th century BC","ageQualifier":"the first royal tombs of the steppe","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Two giant kurgans in Tuva, one with 70 log chambers and 160 horses, and one with an unrobbed royal grave of 5,600 gold objects.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_-_2.JPG/1280px-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_-_2.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"An aerial view of a huge circular stone kurgan and another mound beside a road.","author":"Владимир","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_-_2.JPG"}},{"id":"kortik-tepe","title":"Körtik Tepe","href":"/turkey/kortik-tepe","lat":37.8144,"lon":40.9839,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Batman, on the Tigris","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"12,000+ years","ageQualifier":"dates approximate","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Round houses and hundreds of furnished graves on a low mound.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-60,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Housing_unit%2C_K%C3%B6rtik_Tepe%2C_10%2C400-9250_BCE%2C_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Archaeology_Museum.jpg/1920px-Housing_unit%2C_K%C3%B6rtik_Tepe%2C_10%2C400-9250_BCE%2C_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Archaeology_Museum.jpg","alt":"A museum model of a round house from Körtik Tepe.","author":"Ozymandias","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Housing_unit%2C_K%C3%B6rtik_Tepe%2C_10%2C400-9250_BCE%2C_Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Archaeology_Museum.jpg"}},{"id":"mahabalipuram","title":"Mahabalipuram under the sea","href":"/india/mahabalipuram","lat":12.6166,"lon":80.1994,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"Pallava shore, and two later drownings","ageQualifier":"marine growth, not the cutting","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Stone structures in 4 to 7 metres of water, drowned in two different centuries.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Shore_Temple_01.jpg","alt":"The Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram standing at the edge of the sea.","author":"Bernard Gagnon","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shore_Temple_01.jpg"}},{"id":"meadowcroft","title":"Meadowcroft Rockshelter","href":"/united-states/meadowcroft","lat":40.286,"lon":-80.491,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Avella, Washington County, Pennsylvania","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"Hearths from about 16,000 radiocarbon years ago","ageQualifier":"the coal question is the catch","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A sandstone overhang above Cross Creek, with hearth dates older than Clovis and an old argument that coal made them lie.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":12,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/MeadowcroftRockshelter.jpg","alt":"A sandstone cliff in spring woods, with a modern wooden shelter and stairs built under the overhang.","author":"Lee Paxton","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MeadowcroftRockshelter.jpg"}},{"id":"sahul-shelf","title":"Sahul shelf","href":"/ocean/sahul-shelf","lat":-9.2,"lon":136,"placement":"ocean","showOnWorld":true,"countrySlug":null,"place":"The Arafura Sea, on the shelf between Australia and New Guinea","countryName":null,"ageLabel":"A land bridge after people were already on Sahul","ageQualifier":"first underwater Aboriginal sites at least 7,000 and 8,500 years old","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The shelf that joined Australia to New Guinea, with the first confirmed underwater Aboriginal sites in shallow water off Murujuga, and a much older arrival on the land that stayed dry.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/ISS006-E-23532_-_View_of_the_Arafura_Sea.jpg","alt":"An orbital photograph of the Arafura Sea, pale shallows and deeper blue between northern Australia and New Guinea.","author":"Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ISS006-E-23532_-_View_of_the_Arafura_Sea.jpg"}},{"id":"baigong-pipes","title":"The Baigong Pipes","href":"/china/baigong-pipes","lat":37.12,"lon":96.95,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Mount Baigong, near Delingha, Qinghai","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"Geological age","ageQualifier":"claimed as ancient iron pipes","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Rusty pipes in a cave and on a salt-lake shore, hailed in 2002 as relics of visitors, and later analysed as fossil tree roots.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Rhizolith_group_revealed_after_wind_erosion_1.JPG/1280px-Rhizolith_group_revealed_after_wind_erosion_1.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A cluster of pipe-like stone root casts sticking out of an eroded rock face.","author":"Jfoote","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rhizolith_group_revealed_after_wind_erosion_1.JPG"}},{"id":"ica-stones","title":"The Ica Stones","href":"/peru/ica-stones","lat":-14.0639,"lon":-75.7292,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"Ica, Peru","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"Carved from the 1960s","ageQualifier":"by the carvers' own account","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Thousands of stones engraved with dinosaurs, telescopes and surgery, a lost world or a cottage industry?","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ica_stones11.JPG/1280px-Ica_stones11.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"An Ica stone: a large dark rounded stone with a scene engraved through its surface to the paler rock beneath.","author":"Brattarb","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ica_stones11.JPG"}},{"id":"sete-cidades","title":"The Seven Cities of Piauí","href":"/brazil/sete-cidades","lat":-4.1,"lon":-41.7,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"Sete Cidades National Park, Piauí","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"Devonian sandstone; paintings perhaps 6,000 to 2,000 years old","ageQualifier":"geology and a contested dating","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Rock towers that look like ruined cities are painted with red hands and figures.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Entrada_da_Primeira_Cidade%2C_PN_de_Sete_Cidades.JPG/1280px-Entrada_da_Primeira_Cidade%2C_PN_de_Sete_Cidades.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A tall stack of weathered sandstone blocks at the entrance to the first \"city\" of Sete Cidades, with a park sign in front.","author":"GLandovsky","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Entrada_da_Primeira_Cidade,_PN_de_Sete_Cidades.JPG"}},{"id":"beringia","title":"Beringia","href":"/ocean/beringia","lat":65.6,"lon":-168.7,"placement":"ocean","showOnWorld":true,"countrySlug":null,"place":"The Bering Strait and the shelves between Chukotka and Alaska","countryName":null,"ageLabel":"A land bridge until about 11,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"the strait is about 53 metres deep today","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The plain between Siberia and Alaska, dry whenever the sea fell below a shallow strait, with a genetic case for a long human stay and almost no archaeology from the part that drowned.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-30,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Beringia-Map_Bathymetry_web72_final.png","alt":"A National Park Service map of the Bering land bridge about 21,000 years ago, with Siberia and Alaska joined across a wide plain.","author":"U.S. National Park Service","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beringia-Map_Bathymetry_web72_final.png"}},{"id":"bhimbetka","title":"Bhimbetka","href":"/india/bhimbetka","lat":22.9384,"lon":77.6131,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"Paintings from the Mesolithic into historical times","ageQualifier":"buried cupules are a separate, undated claim","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Painted shelters in the Vindhya foothills, and two buried cupules whose great age has no single laboratory year.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rock_Shelter_8%2C_Bhimbetka_02.jpg/1280px-Rock_Shelter_8%2C_Bhimbetka_02.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"Red riders and animals painted inside the mouth of a sandstone shelter.","author":"Bernard Gagnon","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rock_Shelter_8,_Bhimbetka_02.jpg"}},{"id":"nabta-playa","title":"Nabta Playa","href":"/egypt/nabta-playa","lat":22.508,"lon":30.721,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Nabta Playa","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"Fifth millennium BCE, and older pottery","ageQualifier":"the stones are the argument","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stone circle older than the dynasties.","callout":{"dx":-80,"dy":30,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Calendar_aswan.JPG/1280px-Calendar_aswan.JPG","alt":"The Nabta calendar circle on display.","author":"Raymbetz","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Calendar_aswan.JPG"}},{"id":"ozkonak","title":"Özkonak","href":"/turkey/ozkonak","lat":38.813056,"lon":34.839444,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Avanos, Nevşehir","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"1,500+ years","ageQualifier":"origins debated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A many-level tuff refuge, still undated at the first cut.","callout":{"dx":-28,"dy":-48,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ciudad_subterr%C3%A1nea_de_%C3%96zkonak%2C_Capadocia%2C_Turqu%C3%ADa%2C_2024-10-01%2C_DD_35.jpg/1920px-Ciudad_subterr%C3%A1nea_de_%C3%96zkonak%2C_Capadocia%2C_Turqu%C3%ADa%2C_2024-10-01%2C_DD_35.jpg","alt":"A low carved room at Özkonak, the ceiling close to the floor.","author":"Diego Delso","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ciudad_subterr%C3%A1nea_de_%C3%96zkonak%2C_Capadocia%2C_Turqu%C3%ADa%2C_2024-10-01%2C_DD_35.jpg"}},{"id":"por-bajin","title":"Por-Bajin","href":"/russia/por-bajin","lat":50.615,"lon":97.385,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Lake Tere-Khol, Tuva","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"Begun in 777 AD","ageQualifier":"a clay fortress no one lived in","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A vast clay complex on an island in a Siberian mountain lake, begun in 777 AD and apparently never used.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Por-Bazhyn_aerial_view_2007_before_excavation.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"An aerial view of a rectangular walled ruin filling an island in a lake.","author":"Por-Bajin Fortress Foundation","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Por-Bazhyn_aerial_view_2007_before_excavation.JPG"}},{"id":"dropa-stones","title":"The Dropa Stones","href":"/china/dropa-stones","lat":34,"lon":97.5,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Bayan Har Mountains, Qinghai (as the story tells it)","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"A story first printed in 1962","ageQualifier":"no stone has been found","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Seven hundred and sixteen stone discs said to record a crash from the stars. No disc, no expedition and no scholar in the story can be found.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-26,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Shang_Jade_Bi_Disc%2C_M54_Tomb.jpg/1280px-Shang_Jade_Bi_Disc%2C_M54_Tomb.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A dark jade disc with a central hole on a stand.","author":"Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D.","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shang_Jade_Bi_Disc,_M54_Tomb.jpg"}},{"id":"nazca-mummies","title":"The Nazca \"Mummies\"","href":"/peru/nazca-mummies","lat":-14.88,"lon":-74.98,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"Said to come from near Nazca","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"Shown in 2017","ageQualifier":"claimed to be over 1,000 years old","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three-fingered bodies said to come from a desert tomb, which Peruvian investigators say were made recently.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Nazca_culture_and_graves_in_Peru.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Real Nazca burials at the Chauchilla cemetery: seated mummies in woven wrappings, with long hair, in open tomb pits.","author":"Peter van der Sluijs","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nazca_culture_and_graves_in_Peru.jpg"}},{"id":"paraiba-inscription","title":"The Paraíba Inscription","href":"/brazil/paraiba-inscription","lat":-7.12,"lon":-34.86,"placement":"coast","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"Reported from Pouso Alto, \"near the Parahyba\" (never located)","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"Reported in 1872; claimed to date from about 500 BC","ageQualifier":"claimed, and never verified","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Phoenician text said to be found in Brazil in 1872. No one has ever seen the stone.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":30,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Paraiba-fac-simile.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A facsimile of the Paraíba text: eight lines of Phoenician-style letters, as copied and circulated in 1872.","author":"Ladislau Netto, after a copy by Alves da Costa","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paraiba-fac-simile.jpg"}},{"id":"topper","title":"Topper","href":"/united-states/topper","lat":33.006,"lon":-81.49,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Allendale County, South Carolina","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"Clovis sand about 13,000 to 14,000 years","ageQualifier":"the deeper chert is the fight","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A chert quarry on the Savannah River, with a Clovis level in place and a deeper scatter that may be tools, or the hill breaking its own stone.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/diagrams/topper-sands.svg","alt":"A simple diagram of two stacked sands, the upper one labeled Clovis and the lower one labeled as debated chert.","author":"Our Deep History","license":"Site diagram","licenseUrl":"/","sourceUrl":"https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=sciaa_staffpub"}},{"id":"xunantunich","title":"Xunantunich","href":"/belize/xunantunich","lat":17.0894,"lon":-89.1408,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"belize","place":"San José Succotz, Cayo","countryName":"Belize","ageLabel":"About AD 600 to 1000","ageQualifier":"Maya city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A hilltop city with a carved sky frieze, an earthquake, and a ghost who gave the site its name.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Xunantunich_El_Castillo_west_side_2011.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A tall stone pyramid with a carved band near the top, under a blue sky.","author":"Kaldari","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xunantunich_El_Castillo_west_side_2011.jpg"}},{"id":"hampi","title":"Hampi","href":"/india/hampi","lat":15.3423,"lon":76.4755,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Vitthala temple, Vijayanagara, Karnataka","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"To 1565","ageQualifier":"the ringing is measured, the lathe is not","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A granite capital whose pillars ring, and whose round shafts look turned.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-34,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/071017_Vitthala_temple_complex_aerial_view%2C_Hampi_Karnataka.jpg","alt":"An aerial view of a temple complex with towers and pillared halls, and granite hills behind.","author":"Ms Sarah Welch","license":"CC0 1.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:071017_Vitthala_temple_complex_aerial_view,_Hampi_Karnataka.jpg"}},{"id":"lamanai","title":"Lamanai","href":"/belize/lamanai","lat":17.7517,"lon":-88.655,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"belize","place":"Orange Walk District","countryName":"Belize","ageLabel":"About 1500 BC to AD 1700","ageQualifier":"Maya city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Maya city that was never abandoned, occupied for over 3,000 years, through the collapse and the building of Spanish churches.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lamanai_-_High_Temple.JPG/1280px-Lamanai_-_High_Temple.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A tall stone pyramid with steep steps, set against a blue sky.","author":"Martin Falbisoner","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lamanai_-_High_Temple.JPG"}},{"id":"nevsehir-underground","title":"Nevşehir castle works","href":"/turkey/nevsehir-underground","lat":38.619902,"lon":34.713051,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Nevşehir","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"undated","ageQualifier":"plan unpublished","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A rock-cut complex reported under the castle, still without a measured plan.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":62,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nevsehir_Kale_2019_1658_panorama.jpg/960px-Nevsehir_Kale_2019_1658_panorama.jpg","alt":"The castle hill at Nevşehir. The reported underground complex is under this hill, not visible in the panorama.","author":"Dosseman","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nevsehir_Kale_2019_1658_panorama.jpg"}},{"id":"persian-gulf-basin","title":"Persian Gulf basin","href":"/ocean/persian-gulf-basin","lat":26.6,"lon":51.5,"placement":"ocean","showOnWorld":true,"countrySlug":null,"place":"The floor of the Persian Gulf","countryName":null,"ageLabel":"A river basin until the sea returned, around 8,000 years ago in one reading","ageQualifier":"a shallow gulf, about 40 metres deep on average","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A shallow basin the Tigris and Euphrates once crossed in the air, read as a fertile refuge in dry millennia, and still without an excavated village on the seabed.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/PersianGulf_vue_satellite_du_golfe_persique.jpg","alt":"A satellite view of the Persian Gulf, a narrow shallow sea between Arabia and Iran.","author":"NASA","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PersianGulf_vue_satellite_du_golfe_persique.jpg"}},{"id":"qenqo","title":"Q'enqo","href":"/peru/qenqo","lat":-13.5089,"lon":-71.9711,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"Cerro Socorro, north of Cusco","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"Inca ceremonial rock, Late Horizon","ageQualifier":"two kinds of stonework","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A zigzag channel in the bedrock, a cave altar, and fitted walls in front of the living rock.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Qenko_Archaeological_site_-_snake.png","alt":"A zigzag channel cut along the edge of a pale rock, with round basins beside it.","author":"AgainErick","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qenko_Archaeological_site_-_snake.png"}},{"id":"dendera-lamps","title":"The Dendera \"Lamps\"","href":"/egypt/dendera-lamps","lat":26.1418,"lon":32.6705,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Crypts of the Hathor temple, Dendera","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"About 50 BC to AD 50","ageQualifier":"dated by the royal names in the temple","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Reliefs in a temple crypt show a long glowing bulb with a snake inside. Are they lamps, or a creation story?","callout":{"dx":-100,"dy":30,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Dendera_Krypta_45.jpg/1280px-Dendera_Krypta_45.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A relief in a crypt of the Hathor temple at Dendera: a long oval shape with a wavy snake inside, rising from a lotus flower, with a figure standing beside it.","author":"Olaf Tausch","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dendera_Krypta_45.jpg"}},{"id":"jiahu-flutes","title":"The Jiahu Flutes and Signs","href":"/china/jiahu-flutes","lat":33.61,"lon":113.67,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Wuyang, Henan","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"About 7000 to 5700 BC","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon dated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Crane-bone flutes that still play a scale after 8,000 years, and signs on tortoise shells that look like the first steps toward writing.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":26,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Jiahu_Bone_Flute.jpg/1280px-Jiahu_Bone_Flute.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A long thin bone flute with a row of finger holes, on a stand.","author":"ASHillocks","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jiahu_Bone_Flute.jpg"}},{"id":"muiraquitas","title":"The Muiraquitãs","href":"/brazil/muiraquitas","lat":-2.2,"lon":-55.7,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"Lower Amazon, around Santarém and the Nhamundá river, Pará","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"About AD 1000 to 1600","ageQualifier":"by association with Santarém and Konduri pottery","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Green stone frogs from the Lower Amazon, and the question of where their stone came from.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Cultura_Santar%C3%A9m_-_Muiraquit%C3%A3_MN_01.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A green stone amulet carved as a squatting frog, in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.","author":"Dornicke","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cultura_Santar%C3%A9m_-_Muiraquit%C3%A3_MN_01.jpg"}},{"id":"vottovaara","title":"Vottovaara and the seids","href":"/russia/vottovaara","lat":63.0667,"lon":32.6333,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Vottovaara, Republic of Karelia","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"Boulders about 12,000 to 10,000 years old","ageQualifier":"stones on legs","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Karelian mountain where hundreds of boulders sit on small stones: Sami sacred seids, the work of the ice, or modern fakes.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Vottovaara_seid.jpg/1280px-Vottovaara_seid.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A large rounded boulder resting on small stones on bare rock.","author":"Maximaximax","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vottovaara_seid.jpg"}},{"id":"watson-brake","title":"Watson Brake","href":"/united-states/watson-brake","lat":32.37,"lon":-92.148,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Ouachita Parish, Louisiana","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"About 5,400 to 5,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"before Poverty Point","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Eleven mounds and low ridges in an oval, dated about 5,400 years ago, long before the great earthworks downriver.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":-14,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Watson_Brake_Aerial_Illustration_HRoe_2014.jpg","alt":"An artist's aerial drawing of an oval of low mounds and ridges in a green floodplain beside a winding river.","author":"Herb Roe","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Watson_Brake_Aerial_Illustration_HRoe_2014.jpg"}},{"id":"altun-ha","title":"Altun Ha","href":"/belize/altun-ha","lat":17.7639,"lon":-88.3469,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"belize","place":"Belize District","countryName":"Belize","ageLabel":"About 200 BC to AD 900","ageQualifier":"Maya city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A small trading city near the coast whose founder's tomb held the largest carved jade of the Maya.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Altun_Ha_Belize_4.jpg/1280px-Altun_Ha_Belize_4.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A stepped stone temple with rooms and a wide staircase, standing on a grass plaza.","author":"Denis Barthel","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Altun_Ha_Belize_4.jpg"}},{"id":"atlit-yam","title":"Atlit Yam","href":"/ocean/atlit-yam","lat":32.708,"lon":34.933,"placement":"ocean","showOnWorld":true,"countrySlug":null,"place":"Off Atlit, on the Carmel coast of the Mediterranean","countryName":null,"ageLabel":"A village about 9,400 to 8,000 years ago, now 8 to 12 metres down","ageQualifier":"Pre-Pottery Neolithic C, drowned in place","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stone-built Neolithic village 200 to 400 metres off the Carmel coast, with wells, burials, and a circle of standing stones, excavated on the seabed.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-22,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Atlit-Yam%2C_Ritual_structure_made_of_stones.JPG","alt":"A museum display of large standing stones from Atlit Yam, arranged as a ritual structure.","author":"Hanay","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atlit-Yam,_Ritual_structure_made_of_stones.JPG"}},{"id":"cerutti-mastodon","title":"Cerutti Mastodon","href":"/united-states/cerutti-mastodon","lat":32.65,"lon":-117.03,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"San Diego, California","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"Bones about 130,700 years old","ageQualifier":"the breakers are the question","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Mastodon bones from a San Diego freeway cut date to about 130,000 years, and the breaks are read either as hammerstones or as the road work itself.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Cerutti_mastodon_tusk_-_full.jpg","alt":"A long fossil mastodon tusk, mounted upright in a museum case, with an explanatory panel set below it.","author":"Blervis","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cerutti_mastodon_tusk_-_full.jpg"}},{"id":"nemrut","title":"Mount Nemrut","href":"/turkey/nemrut","lat":37.980739,"lon":38.740831,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Adıyaman","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"2,100+ years","ageQualifier":"horoscope year debated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An unopened gravel mound, and a lion carved with stars.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-80,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nemrut_statues_1.jpg/1280px-Nemrut_statues_1.jpg","alt":"Two fallen animal heads, an eagle and a lion, in the rubble below the stone mound at Nemrut.","author":"Linda M Caldwell","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nemrut_statues_1.jpg"}},{"id":"temple-of-the-moon","title":"Temple of the Moon","href":"/peru/temple-of-the-moon","lat":-13.5056,"lon":-71.9647,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"Amaru Markawasi, north of Cusco","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"Inca sector of the Saqsaywaman park","ageQualifier":"The moon is a later name.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Carved bedrock and rectangular foundations north of Cusco are called a moon temple without an inscription.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":-28,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_Templo_de_la_Luna.jpg/1280px-Vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_Templo_de_la_Luna.jpg","alt":"Aerial view of rectangular stone foundations beside a pale rock outcrop.","author":"Johnattan Rupire","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_Templo_de_la_Luna.jpg"}},{"id":"abydos-helicopter","title":"The Abydos \"Helicopter\"","href":"/egypt/abydos-helicopter","lat":26.1851,"lon":31.9192,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Temple of Seti I, Abydos","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"About 1290 to 1270 BC","ageQualifier":"dated by the kings named in the carving","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A carved beam in a temple seems to show a helicopter and a plane. Or two inscriptions on top of each other.","callout":{"dx":-90,"dy":-40,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Abydos-Hieroglyphen_Tempel_Sethos_I._04.jpg/1280px-Abydos-Hieroglyphen_Tempel_Sethos_I._04.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The carved stone beam in the temple of Seti I at Abydos.","author":"Olaf Tausch","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abydos-Hieroglyphen_Tempel_Sethos_I._04.jpg"}},{"id":"baghdad-battery","title":"The Baghdad Battery","href":"/iraq/baghdad-battery","lat":33.29,"lon":44.48,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iraq","place":"Khujut Rabu, near Baghdad","countryName":"Iraq","ageLabel":"About 250 BC to AD 650","ageQualifier":"clay jar with copper and iron","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A clay jar with a copper tube and an iron rod. A 1993 study reports copies at about 0.49 volt with vinegar or grapefruit juice, and about 0.4 volt with salt. A conservation account argues a theoretical ceiling near 0.78 volt. It may be a battery, or it may be a store for scrolls.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Ironie_pile_Bagdad.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A drawing of a clay jar beside a copper tube and an iron rod.","author":"Ironie","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ironie_pile_Bagdad.jpg"}},{"id":"santarem-pottery","title":"The Pottery of Santarém","href":"/brazil/santarem-pottery","lat":-2.42,"lon":-54.71,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"Santarém, at the mouth of the Tapajós, Pará","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"About AD 1000 to 1600","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Vessels held up by human figures, crowded with animals, come from the Tapajó capital.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cultura_Santar%C3%A9m_-_Vaso_de_cari%C3%A1tides_MN_01.jpg/1280px-Cultura_Santar%C3%A9m_-_Vaso_de_cari%C3%A1tides_MN_01.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A Santarém caryatid vessel: a bowl with modelled animal figures on its rim, held up by figures standing on a ring base.","author":"Dornicke","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cultura_Santar%C3%A9m_-_Vaso_de_cari%C3%A1tides_MN_01.jpg"}},{"id":"tarim-mummies","title":"The Tarim Mummies","href":"/china/tarim-mummies","lat":40.34,"lon":88.67,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Xiaohe cemetery, Lop Nur, Xinjiang","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"About 2100 BC to the first centuries AD","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon dated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Desert mummies with fair hair and felt hats, long thought to be migrants from the west. Their genomes say they were a lost local people.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Beauty_of_Xiaohe._Beijing_Capital_Museum_2.jpg/1280px-Beauty_of_Xiaohe._Beijing_Capital_Museum_2.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A mummified woman with a felt hat and fair hair, lying in a case.","author":"Michael Kan","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beauty_of_Xiaohe._Beijing_Capital_Museum_2.jpg"}},{"id":"tunguska","title":"Tunguska","href":"/russia/tunguska","lat":60.8858,"lon":101.8944,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"russia","place":"Evenkiysky district, Krasnoyarsk Krai, over the taiga","countryName":"Russia","ageLabel":"30 June 1908","ageQualifier":"an airburst reading, and two readings of a nearby lake","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A morning in 1908 when a small cosmic body is read as exploding several kilometres above the Siberian forest, flattening trees across some 2,150 square kilometres. Surveys of that forest report no hole. Lake Cheko, about eight kilometres from the epicentre, is read as a young secondary crater and, from annual layers, as a much older lake.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Tunguska_Ereignis-1.jpg/1280px-Tunguska_Ereignis-1.jpg","alt":"A black-and-white photograph of a forest of snapped and fallen trunks, with a few bare stems still standing.","author":"Leonid Kulik expedition","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tunguska_Ereignis-1.jpg"}},{"id":"cahal-pech","title":"Cahal Pech","href":"/belize/cahal-pech","lat":17.15,"lon":-89.0761,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"belize","place":"San Ignacio, Cayo","countryName":"Belize","ageLabel":"About 1100 BC to AD 1000","ageQualifier":"Maya city","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A hilltop palace above San Ignacio that began as one of the first pottery-using villages in the Maya lowlands.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Cahal_Pech_Belize_-_main_courtyard_2.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"A grass courtyard closed in by stepped stone buildings.","author":"Aquaimages (English Wikipedia)","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cahal_Pech_Belize_-_main_courtyard_2.jpg"}},{"id":"creswell-crags","title":"Creswell Crags","href":"/united-kingdom/creswell-crags","lat":53.2636,"lon":-1.1939,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-kingdom","place":"Creswell, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire","countryName":"United Kingdom","ageLabel":"Older than about 12,800 years","ageQualifier":"flowstone over some engravings; one crust is much younger","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Faint Ice Age engravings in a limestone gorge, dated by the flowstone that grew over them rather than by the lines themselves.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-20,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Church_Hole%2C_Creswell_Crags_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4729668.jpg/1280px-Church_Hole%2C_Creswell_Crags_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4729668.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A grated cave mouth in a limestone crag, with steps and trees.","author":"Humphrey Bolton","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Church_Hole,_Creswell_Crags_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4729668.jpg"}},{"id":"elephanta-caves","title":"Elephanta Caves","href":"/india/elephanta-caves","lat":18.9634,"lon":72.9315,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Gharapuri, Mumbai Harbour","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"5th–6th century","ageQualifier":"the island was lived on earlier","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Shaiva cave temple cut down into harbour basalt, with a three-faced Shiva on the back wall.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Shiva_Trimurti_showing_Aghora%2C_Mahesh_and_Vamdeva%2C_Elephanta_Caves%2C_Maharashtra.jpg","alt":"The three-faced Shiva carved in the basalt wall of the Elephanta caves, central face forward and two faces in profile.","author":"SpeakingArch","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shiva_Trimurti_showing_Aghora,_Mahesh_and_Vamdeva,_Elephanta_Caves,_Maharashtra.jpg"}},{"id":"florida-drowned","title":"Florida drowned sites","href":"/ocean/florida-drowned","lat":29.7,"lon":-84.2,"placement":"ocean","showOnWorld":true,"countrySlug":null,"place":"Apalachee Bay, and the Aucilla River sinkhole at Page-Ladson","countryName":null,"ageLabel":"People and a mastodon about 14,550 years ago","ageQualifier":"a sinkhole now under the river, and sites on the Gulf shelf","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A mastodon butchery about 14,550 years ago in a Florida sinkhole the sea later drowned, and a string of older camps on the Gulf shelf a few kilometres out.","callout":{"dx":22,"dy":16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Jefferson-Madison_Aucilla_River_north01.jpg","alt":"The Aucilla River seen from a highway bridge, dark water between wooded banks.","author":"Ebyabe","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jefferson-Madison_Aucilla_River_north01.jpg"}},{"id":"hattusa","title":"Hattusa","href":"/turkey/hattusa","lat":40.019722,"lon":34.615278,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Boğazkale, Çorum","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"3,300+ years","ageQualifier":"green stone undated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The Hittite capital, and a green cube.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":-72,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lion_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg/1920px-Lion_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg","alt":"The Lion Gate in the walls of Hattusa.","author":"Bernard Gagnon","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lion_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg"}},{"id":"naupa-iglesia","title":"Ñaupa Iglesia","href":"/peru/naupa-iglesia","lat":-13.28939,"lon":-72.22996,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"A rock shelter above the Huarocondo, in the community of Pachar","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"An Inca huaca, by the niches","ageQualifier":"The cutting itself has no laboratory date.","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A false door and stepped cuts in a volcanic shelter above the Huarocondo, with ordinary Inca walls beside the fine work.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":22,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/%C3%91aupa_Iglesia.jpg","alt":"A rock shelter with a false door and stepped cuts in the living stone, above a dry valley.","author":"Morales Cynthia","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C3%91aupa_Iglesia.jpg"}},{"id":"paisley-caves","title":"Paisley Caves","href":"/united-states/paisley-caves","lat":42.761,"lon":-120.551,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Paisley, south-central Oregon","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"Coprolites by 12,300 radiocarbon years ago","ageQualifier":"human DNA in the dated dung","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Cave dung with Native American founding DNA, directly dated more than a thousand radiocarbon years before Clovis.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Paisley_caves_-_Fossil_Cave5.jpg","alt":"A person standing at the mouth of a shallow cave in a dark volcanic cliff, with a dry lake plain behind.","author":"Bureau of Land Management","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paisley_caves_-_Fossil_Cave5.jpg"}},{"id":"shanidar-cave","title":"Shanidar Cave","href":"/iraq/shanidar-cave","lat":36.8336,"lon":44.2206,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iraq","place":"Bradost Mountains, Erbil Governorate","countryName":"Iraq","ageLabel":"About 75,000 to 45,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"Neanderthal burials","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Ten Neanderthals, one cared for after crippling injuries, and a burial once said to be strewn with flowers.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1._Shanidar_cave%2C_a_paleolithic_cave_in_Bradost_Mountain%2C_Erbil_Governorate%2C_Iraqi_Kurdistan._April_4%2C_2014.jpg/1280px-1._Shanidar_cave%2C_a_paleolithic_cave_in_Bradost_Mountain%2C_Erbil_Governorate%2C_Iraqi_Kurdistan._April_4%2C_2014.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A wide cave mouth in a limestone cliff above a valley.","author":"Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg)","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1._Shanidar_cave,_a_paleolithic_cave_in_Bradost_Mountain,_Erbil_Governorate,_Iraqi_Kurdistan._April_4,_2014.jpg"}},{"id":"chincana","title":"The Chincana","href":"/peru/chincana","lat":-13.5134,"lon":-71.9802,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"Under Cusco, from Coricancha to Sacsayhuamán","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"Inca passage reported; the rock is undated","ageQualifier":"main line not reported end to end","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A reported passage under Cusco from the sun temple to Sacsayhuamán, and the rock labyrinth of the same name.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":32,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Chincana_Grande%2C_Saqsaywaman_02.jpg/1280px-Chincana_Grande%2C_Saqsaywaman_02.jpg","alt":"A carved limestone mass with steps and niches, grass around it, and a city in the valley beyond terraces.","author":"Ordzonhyd Rudyard Tarco Palomino","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chincana_Grande,_Saqsaywaman_02.jpg"}},{"id":"library-of-alexandria","title":"The Library of Alexandria","href":"/egypt/library-of-alexandria","lat":31.2089,"lon":29.9092,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Alexandria, the royal quarter","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"From the third century BCE","ageQualifier":"the books and the reports are the question","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A royal library and a house of scholars in Ptolemaic Alexandria. The copying, the reported fires, and what was lost do not agree.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Egypt%2C_Alexandria%2C_Bibliotheca_Alexandrina.jpg","alt":"The Bibliotheca Alexandrina, a library opened in 2002 on the harbor. Not the ancient library.","author":"Vyacheslav Argenberg","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egypt,_Alexandria,_Bibliotheca_Alexandrina.jpg"}},{"id":"monte-alegre","title":"The Painted Rock of Monte Alegre","href":"/brazil/monte-alegre","lat":-1.99,"lon":-54.08,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"Caverna da Pedra Pintada, Monte Alegre State Park, Pará","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"About 11,200 to 10,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon and thermoluminescence","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A painted cave on the Amazon was used by people more than 11,000 years ago.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/evidence/monte-alegre-ceiling-fig11.jpg","alt":"The painted ceiling at Caverna da Pedra Pintada, Monte Alegre, Pará, with red figures on two levels of the rock.","author":"Anne Rapp Py-Daniel, photograph, figure 11","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://www.scielo.br/j/bgoeldi/a/bsb3p5KBqjsMBnfYqSSZPFQ/"}},{"id":"tutankhamun-dagger","title":"Tutankhamun's Iron Dagger","href":"/egypt/tutankhamun-dagger","lat":25.7402,"lon":32.6014,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Tomb of Tutankhamun, Valley of the Kings","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"About 1323 BC","ageQualifier":"dated by the king's burial","roomStatus":"open","summary":"An iron blade, still bright, in a tomb from before Egypt smelted iron. It came from a meteorite.","callout":{"dx":-100,"dy":10,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Kairo_Museum_Eisendolch_Tutanchamun_01_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Tutankhamun's iron dagger in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo: a grey, unrusted iron blade with a gold handle ending in a rock-crystal knob.","author":"Olaf Tausch","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kairo_Museum_Eisendolch_Tutanchamun_01_(cropped).jpg"}},{"id":"yangshan-quarry","title":"Yangshan Quarry","href":"/china/yangshan-quarry","lat":32.0686,"lon":119.0006,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"china","place":"Yangshan, Jiangning, Nanjing","countryName":"China","ageLabel":"Ming, about 1405","ageQualifier":"abandoned in the quarry","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three unfinished pieces of a Ming stele, still in the limestone, about 31,000 tonnes in the usual estimates.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-26,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Yangshan_Quarry_-_Monument_Body_and_Head_-_P1060893.JPG/1280px-Yangshan_Quarry_-_Monument_Body_and_Head_-_P1060893.JPG","alt":"The unfinished stele body on the right, undercut above a path, and the stele head on the left, at Yangshan Quarry.","author":"Vmenkov","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yangshan_Quarry_-_Monument_Body_and_Head_-_P1060893.JPG"}},{"id":"alaca-hoyuk","title":"Alaca Höyük","href":"/turkey/alaca-hoyuk","lat":40.233895,"lon":34.695575,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Çorum","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"4,000+ years","ageQualifier":"two eras on one mound","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Royal tombs, then a sphinx gate much later.","callout":{"dx":24,"dy":-56,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Alaca_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_02.jpg/1920px-Alaca_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_02.jpg","alt":"Foundations of the later town, wall lines spread across the mound.","author":"Bernard Gagnon","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alaca_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_02.jpg"}},{"id":"amaru-muru","title":"Amaru Muru","href":"/peru/amaru-muru","lat":-16.23,"lon":-69.54,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"peru","place":"Hayu Marca, between Ilave and Juli, Puno","countryName":"Peru","ageLabel":"Undated carving","ageQualifier":"a blind niche in red sandstone, with a modern portal story","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A flat panel and a blind niche cut into red rock above the Peruvian side of Lake Titicaca, later told as a door to another world.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Doorway-lg.jpg","alt":"A smoothed rectangular panel cut into a red rock ridge, with a smaller niche in the middle that does not open through.","author":"Jerry Wills","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doorway-lg.jpg"}},{"id":"ancient-texts","title":"Ancient Texts","href":"/iraq/ancient-texts","lat":32.126,"lon":45.231,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"iraq","place":"Nippur, Nineveh, Sippar and the museums that hold the copies","countryName":"Iraq","ageLabel":"Copies from about 1900 to 500 BC","ageQualifier":"literary tablets, not the age of the cities they name","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The Sumerian and Babylonian compositions that name Eridu, the flood, and the arts of the gods, each on its own tablet.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Babylonian_Map_of_the_World%2C_700-500_BC.jpg/1280px-Babylonian_Map_of_the_World%2C_700-500_BC.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A broken clay tablet with columns of cuneiform above a double circle, small rings, and a hole through the middle.","author":"Gary Todd","license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Babylonian_Map_of_the_World,_700-500_BC.jpg"}},{"id":"cadair-idris","title":"Cadair Idris","href":"/united-kingdom/cadair-idris","lat":52.699,"lon":-3.909,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-kingdom","place":"Southern Eryri, Gwynedd, Wales","countryName":"United Kingdom","ageLabel":"A mountain, not a dated monument","ageQualifier":"folklore of Idris, and a modern star-map claim","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A real Welsh mountain with a lake in a chair-shaped hollow, a folklore astronomer named Idris, and a modern claim that the hills of Gwynedd are a map of the stars.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":12,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Cadair_Idris%2C_May_1994.jpg/1280px-Cadair_Idris%2C_May_1994.jpg","alt":"A dark lake in a rocky cirque, with the cliffs of Cadair Idris rising behind it and a little snow on the skyline.","author":"pedrik","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cadair_Idris,_May_1994.jpg"}},{"id":"eccentric-flints","title":"Eccentric flints","href":"/belize/eccentric-flints","lat":17.4995,"lon":-88.1886,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"belize","place":"Cayo District and Belize City","countryName":"Belize","ageLabel":"About AD 250 to 900","ageQualifier":"Artifact","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Flint and obsidian chipped into shapes no tool needs, then buried under Maya buildings.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-24,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Maya_eccentric.jpg/1280px-Maya_eccentric.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A pale flint chipped into a complex figure, with a headdress.","author":"Michel wal","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maya_eccentric.jpg"}},{"id":"hoysaleswara","title":"Hoysaleswara","href":"/india/hoysaleswara","lat":13.213,"lon":75.9943,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"india","place":"Halebidu, Hassan, Karnataka","countryName":"India","ageLabel":"12th century","ageQualifier":"the towers are gone","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Hoysala Shiva temple in chloritic schist, fresh stone at Mohs 2 to 3, with narrative friezes and pillars shaped as if turned.","callout":{"dx":-16,"dy":-24,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hoysaleswara_Temple_at_Halebidu.jpg/1280px-Hoysaleswara_Temple_at_Halebidu.jpg","alt":"The Hoysaleswara temple at Halebidu, a carved stone facade with steps, small shrines, and no tower above the roof.","author":"Rohit Sharma","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hoysaleswara_Temple_at_Halebidu.jpg"}},{"id":"mystery-hill","title":"Mystery Hill","href":"/united-states/mystery-hill","lat":42.841,"lon":-71.207,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"North Salem, New Hampshire","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"A farm from 1802, and older charcoal","ageQualifier":"the walls are the puzzle","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Stone chambers on a New Hampshire hill, a nineteenth-century farm, and charcoal dates that prove a fire more easily than they prove a builder.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-12,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/America%27s_Stonehenge.jpg","alt":"A low doorway of stacked flat stones under a sod roof, opening into a dark stone chamber.","author":"J. Miers","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:America%27s_Stonehenge.jpg"}},{"id":"narmer-palette","title":"The Narmer Palette","href":"/egypt/narmer-palette","lat":25.0974,"lon":32.7792,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Hierakonpolis (Nekhen), Upper Egypt","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"About 3100 BC","ageQualifier":"dated by style and the king's name","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stone slab with some of the first hieroglyphs. Does it record the uniting of Egypt, or a ritual?","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Narmer_palette_%28obverse%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"The Narmer Palette, front: the king in a tall white crown raises a mace over a kneeling captive.","author":"anonymous","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Narmer_palette_(obverse).jpg"}},{"id":"calcoene","title":"The Stone Circle of Calçoene","href":"/brazil/calcoene","lat":2.5,"lon":-50.95,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"Parque Arqueológico do Solstício, Rego Grande, near Calçoene, Amapá","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"About 1,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon on charcoal from burial pits","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Here is a ring of 127 standing granite blocks in the Amazon, aligned with the December solstice.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-36,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/2007-08-31_Parque_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_do_Solst%C3%ADcio.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original","alt":"Upright granite blocks of the Rego Grande stone circle near Calçoene, standing in grass.","author":"Governo do Amapá","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2007-08-31_Parque_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_do_Solst%C3%ADcio.jpg"}},{"id":"calico","title":"Calico","href":"/united-states/calico","lat":34.948,"lon":-116.871,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Yermo, Mojave Desert, California","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"Fan deposits about 200,000 years","ageQualifier":"the flakes are the fight","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Mojave alluvial fan cemented about 200,000 years ago, full of flaked chalcedony that may be tools or may be the fan itself.","callout":{"dx":-14,"dy":-18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/CalicoVisitorCenter_8521.jpg","alt":"A small tan visitor building in the desert, signed Calico Early Man Archeological Site, with pale hills behind.","author":"Ellen Levy Finch","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CalicoVisitorCenter_8521.jpg"}},{"id":"texcotzingo","title":"Texcotzingo","href":"/mexico/texcotzingo","lat":19.4969,"lon":-98.8183,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"San Nicolás Tlaminca, Texcoco, State of Mexico","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"Late Postclassic, about 1400 to 1521","ageQualifier":"a garden cut in the hill","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Rock-cut baths, terraces and a hill of canals above Texcoco, credited to one reign and not yet dated course by course.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-34,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/05-12-MX_Tetz_Ba%C3%B1o_Rey.jpg/1280px-05-12-MX_Tetz_Ba%C3%B1o_Rey.jpg","alt":"A circular basin cut in bedrock, with a stone stair climbing the hillside beside it.","author":"Nq04","license":"CC BY 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:05-12-MX_Tetz_Ba%C3%B1o_Rey.jpg"}},{"id":"peruacu","title":"The Caves of Peruaçu","href":"/brazil/peruacu","lat":-15.11,"lon":-44.24,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"brazil","place":"Cavernas do Peruaçu National Park, Minas Gerais","countryName":"Brazil","ageLabel":"Human presence from about 12,000 years ago","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon, a count of the carbon left in once-living remains","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A river canyon of giant caves holds painted walls and burials up to 12,000 years old.","callout":{"dx":-18,"dy":30,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Portico_de_entrada_da_Gruta_do_Janel%C3%A3o.jpg/1280px-Portico_de_entrada_da_Gruta_do_Janel%C3%A3o.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The huge entrance arch of the Janelão cave in the Peruaçu valley, with forest at its foot.","author":"Rafael Rodrigues Camargo","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portico_de_entrada_da_Gruta_do_Janel%C3%A3o.jpg"}},{"id":"menkaure-satellites","title":"The satellites of Menkaure","href":"/egypt/menkaure-satellites","lat":29.97,"lon":31.128,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"South of the pyramid of Menkaure, Giza","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"4th Dynasty","ageQualifier":"three small pyramids beside Menkaure","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Three small pyramids south of Menkaure, two left as four-step masses and one finished toward a true pyramid, with no name cut inside to say who was buried there.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-12,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Menkaure-Pyramid_and_queens_pyramids.jpg/1280px-Menkaure-Pyramid_and_queens_pyramids.jpg","alt":"Menkaure's pyramid with three smaller pyramids beside it, two of them still showing steps.","author":"Francesco Gasparetti","license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Menkaure-Pyramid_and_queens_pyramids.jpg"}},{"id":"yazilikaya","title":"Yazılıkaya","href":"/turkey/yazilikaya","lat":40.025,"lon":34.63278,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Boğazkale, Çorum","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"3,200+ years","ageQualifier":"calendar reading debated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A rock sanctuary of named gods beside the Hittite capital, with a calendar read from the same figures.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-64,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Chamber_A%2C_Yazilikaya_01.jpg/1920px-Chamber_A%2C_Yazilikaya_01.jpg","alt":"The procession of gods in the main chamber.","author":"Bernard Gagnon","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chamber_A%2C_Yazilikaya_01.jpg"}},{"id":"runestones-in-america","title":"Runestones in America","href":"/united-states/runestones-in-america","lat":45.8131,"lon":-95.6718,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"united-states","place":"Kensington, Minnesota, and other reported finds","countryName":"United States","ageLabel":"Reported finds from 1898 to 1971","ageQualifier":"one stone dates itself to 1362","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Stones in Minnesota, Oklahoma, Maine, and Rhode Island carry marks read as Norse runes. The famous slab dates itself to 1362. A Norse camp in Newfoundland, dated to 1021, has no runes in its published finds.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-16,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Kensington_Runestone.jpg","alt":"A tall grey slab in a museum case, its face covered with rows of runes, a pale patch on the lower left, and a brass plaque at the foot.","author":"Mauricio Valle","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kensington_Runestone.jpg"}},{"id":"xochicalco","title":"Xochicalco","href":"/mexico/xochicalco","lat":18.8039,"lon":-99.2961,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"Miacatlán, Morelos","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"About 650 to 900 CE","ageQualifier":"a city after Teotihuacan","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A hill city of feathered-serpent reliefs, and a shaft that brings the sun down into a cave.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Templo_de_la_serpiente_emplumada_ubicado_en_la_Zona_Arqueol%C3%B3gica_de_Xochicalco.jpg/1280px-Templo_de_la_serpiente_emplumada_ubicado_en_la_Zona_Arqueol%C3%B3gica_de_Xochicalco.jpg","alt":"A long stone platform carved with interlocking serpents and with seated figures between them.","author":"Logue 0019","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Templo_de_la_serpiente_emplumada_ubicado_en_la_Zona_Arqueol%C3%B3gica_de_Xochicalco.jpg"}},{"id":"yesemek","title":"Yeşemek","href":"/turkey/yesemek","lat":36.904444,"lon":36.745833,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"İslahiye, Gaziantep","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"3,200+ years","ageQualifier":"abandonment open","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Unfinished sphinxes, lions, and mountain gods left in a basalt quarry.","callout":{"dx":-20,"dy":-68,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/YesemekSphingen.jpg","alt":"Unfinished sphinxes still in the quarry at Yeşemek.","author":"Klaus-Peter Simon","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:YesemekSphingen.jpg"}},{"id":"ayanis","title":"Ayanis","href":"/turkey/ayanis","lat":38.70827,"lon":43.21118,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Tuşba, Van","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"2,700+ years","ageQualifier":"the kingdom’s end debated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Urartian fortress, burned at the end.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-74,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Van_Museum_-_Inscription_Ayanis_Fortress.jpg/960px-Van_Museum_-_Inscription_Ayanis_Fortress.jpg","alt":"A cuneiform inscription from the Ayanis fortress, on display in the Van Museum.","author":"Clemens Schmillen","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Van_Museum_-_Inscription_Ayanis_Fortress.jpg"}},{"id":"chichen-itza","title":"Chichén Itzá","href":"/mexico/chichen-itza","lat":20.6829,"lon":-88.5686,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"Tinúm, Yucatán","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"Terminal Classic and Early Postclassic","ageQualifier":"the stair and the light","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Nine terraces and a stair of 91 steps carry a serpent of light that brackets the equinox.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-26,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chichen_Itza_03_2011_Templo_Kukulkan_%28El_Castillo%29_1406.jpg/1280px-Chichen_Itza_03_2011_Templo_Kukulkan_%28El_Castillo%29_1406.jpg","alt":"A stone pyramid stair rising between balustrades toward a temple with a dark doorway.","author":"Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chichen_Itza_03_2011_Templo_Kukulkan_(El_Castillo)_1406.jpg"}},{"id":"drowned-lands","title":"Drowned Lands","href":"/ocean/drowned-lands","lat":-15,"lon":-25,"placement":"ocean","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":null,"place":"The continental shelves that were dry land when the sea stood lower","countryName":null,"ageLabel":"Dry land until the seas rose after the last glacial maximum","ageQualifier":"about 120 metres lower, and a seafloor still mostly unmapped","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Seven drowned countries, each a pin in the sea where the land was, and a seafloor that is still mostly unsurveyed.","callout":{"dx":0,"dy":0,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Ice_Age_Europe_map.png","alt":"A map of Europe at the last glacial maximum, with ice sheets and land now under the sea drawn in.","author":"Kentynet","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ice_Age_Europe_map.png"}},{"id":"zenu-canals","title":"Zenú canals","href":"/colombia/zenu-canals","lat":8.6601,"lon":-75.13,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"colombia","place":"San Marcos, La Mojana","countryName":"Colombia","ageLabel":"About 200 BCE–1000 CE","ageQualifier":"height often 5th–10th centuries","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Half a million hectares of canals, and no proven king.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":10,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"/evidence/zenu-mojana-ridges.png","alt":"Aerial view of green parallel ridges and canals beside dark floodwater in a wetland.","author":"Jasmine Vieri, Fernando Montejo Gaitán, Miguel Carrero-Pazos, and Marcos Martinón-Torres (aerial)","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44458-026-00128-5"}},{"id":"maya-head-shaping","title":"Maya head shaping","href":"/mexico/maya-head-shaping","lat":17.51,"lon":-92.02,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"Palenque and the Maya lowlands","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"Classic period, and older","ageQualifier":"about 250 to 900","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Across the Maya lowlands, heads were shaped in infancy, and the maize god was drawn with that same sloping brow.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/0152_Palenque.JPG/1280px-0152_Palenque.JPG","alt":"An oval stone tablet set into a palace wall, two seated figures wearing tall headdresses.","author":"tato grasso","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0152_Palenque.JPG"}},{"id":"troy","title":"Troy","href":"/turkey/troy","lat":39.9575,"lon":26.2389,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Hisarlık, Çanakkale","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"5,000+ years","ageQualifier":"which layer is the war","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A stack of cities at the straits, and a war story that may sit in one of the later fires.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":-66,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Troy_-_Hisarl%C4%B1k%2C_%C3%87anakkale_Province%2C_Turkey_-_October_8%2C_2025_01.jpg/1920px-Troy_-_Hisarl%C4%B1k%2C_%C3%87anakkale_Province%2C_Turkey_-_October_8%2C_2025_01.jpg","alt":"The walls and the mound at Troy.","author":"Giorgio Galeotti","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Troy_-_Hisarl%C4%B1k%2C_%C3%87anakkale_Province%2C_Turkey_-_October_8%2C_2025_01.jpg"}},{"id":"durupinar","title":"Durupınar formation","href":"/turkey/durupinar","lat":39.440664,"lon":44.234783,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Üzengili, Doğubayazıt","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"undated","ageQualifier":"natural or relic, disputed","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A boat-shaped rock. A flood relic is argued.","callout":{"dx":20,"dy":-70,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/The_Structure_Claimed_to_be_the_Noah%27s_Ark_near_the_Mount_Ararat_in_Turkey.jpg/960px-The_Structure_Claimed_to_be_the_Noah%27s_Ark_near_the_Mount_Ararat_in_Turkey.jpg","alt":"The boat-shaped Durupınar formation on the mountainside near Doğubayazıt.","author":"Mfikretyilmaz","license":"CC BY 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Structure_Claimed_to_be_the_Noah%27s_Ark_near_the_Mount_Ararat_in_Turkey.jpg"}},{"id":"wadi-sura","title":"Wadi Sura II","href":"/egypt/wadi-sura","lat":23.6534,"lon":25.1597,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"egypt","place":"Gilf Kebir, southwest Egypt","countryName":"Egypt","ageLabel":"About 6500 to 4400 BC by context","ageQualifier":"no date on the paint; a hunter-gatherer window in the later Green Sahara","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A Gilf Kebir shelter with about 900 hand stencils, thirteen of them tiny, plus swimmers and headless beasts, placed in the later Green Sahara by the landscape rather than by the paint.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-18,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/FogginiCaveTotal.jpg","alt":"A curved sandstone wall covered with rows of hand stencils and small figures, above rippled sand.","author":"Roland Unger","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FogginiCaveTotal.jpg"}},{"id":"vulture-stone","title":"The Vulture Stone and the \"Handbags\"","href":"/turkey/vulture-stone","lat":37.2236,"lon":38.9228,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Enclosure D, Göbekli Tepe","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"About 9600 to 9500 BC","ageQualifier":"radiocarbon dates for Enclosure D","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A pillar carved with a vulture and a disc, under a row of bag-shaped signs. A star map, a comet, or a funeral scene?","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":40,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe_-_T%C3%BCrkei_2011_174.jpg/1280px-G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe_-_T%C3%BCrkei_2011_174.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The top of a carved pillar at Göbekli Tepe, with a row of three bag-like shapes along the top and animals carved below them.","author":"Guérin Nicolas","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe_-_T%C3%BCrkei_2011_174.jpg"}},{"id":"cavustepe","title":"Çavuştepe","href":"/turkey/cavustepe","lat":38.353,"lon":43.4611,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Gürpınar, Van","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"Mid-8th century BCE","ageQualifier":"the reign bracket can shift by years","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Sarduri II’s fortress south of Van, with polished dark stone, two temples, and a foundation text.","callout":{"dx":14,"dy":-64,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Inschrift_%C3%87avu%C5%9Ftepe_01.jpg/1280px-Inschrift_%C3%87avu%C5%9Ftepe_01.jpg","alt":"Cuneiform covering the upper faces of large grey blocks at a tight stone corner, with a plain course below.","author":"Ingeborg Simon","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inschrift_%C3%87avu%C5%9Ftepe_01.jpg"}},{"id":"piri-reis-map","title":"The Piri Reis Map","href":"/turkey/piri-reis-map","lat":41.0115,"lon":28.9834,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Topkapı Palace Library, Istanbul","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"1513","ageQualifier":"dated on the map","roomStatus":"open","summary":"A map of 1513 with land across the bottom. Antarctica before it was found, or a coast bent to fit the page?","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-30,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1513_Piri_Reis.jpg/1280px-1513_Piri_Reis.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"The surviving third of the Piri Reis map of 1513, on gazelle-skin parchment: the Atlantic with the coasts of Europe, Africa and South America, and land curving east across the bottom.","author":"Piri Reis","license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1513_Piri_Reis.jpg"}},{"id":"lake-van","title":"Lake Van","href":"/turkey/lake-van","lat":38.8014,"lon":42.7291,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Adilcevaz harbor, Bitlis","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"Medieval walls, date open","ageQualifier":"older blocks still possible","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Cut walls in Adilcevaz harbor, in a soda lake whose level will not sit still.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":-76,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"/evidence/adilcevaz-sonar-harbor-fig3.jpg","alt":"Gold and brown sonar strips laid over an aerial view of a curved harbor, a road, and a town along a shore.","author":"Serkan Gündüz, Adilcevaz Sualtı Araştırmaları, Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi 9/3 (2020): 1288–1300, figure 3","license":"CC BY-NC 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1305643"}},{"id":"sierra-de-san-francisco","title":"Sierra de San Francisco","href":"/mexico/sierra-de-san-francisco","lat":27.5905,"lon":-113.0175,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"mexico","place":"Cueva del Ratón, Baja California Sur","countryName":"Mexico","ageLabel":"Pigment dates from about 5,300 to a few hundred years","ageQualifier":"the samples disagree; a listing says 100 BC to AD 1300","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Giant human figures and animals fill the shelters of Baja California, the pigment dates scatter, and Cochimí speakers remembered painters from the north.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":14,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Figura_en_el_techo_de_la_cueva_%22El_Rat%C3%B3n%22.JPG/1280px-Figura_en_el_techo_de_la_cueva_%22El_Rat%C3%B3n%22.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","alt":"A red and black human figure with raised arms, beside a deer on a flaking cave ceiling.","author":"Alejandro David Camargo González","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figura_en_el_techo_de_la_cueva_%22El_Rat%C3%B3n%22.JPG"}},{"id":"kef-kalesi","title":"Kef Kalesi","href":"/turkey/kef-kalesi","lat":38.8335,"lon":42.719,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Adilcevaz, Bitlis","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"7th century BCE","ageQualifier":"the fire is less tightly dated","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Rusa II’s basalt fortress on the hill above Adilcevaz, and the carved block that came down from it.","callout":{"dx":-22,"dy":-48,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations_Urartu_Columna_caelata_base_from_Kef_Kalesi_in_2014_02.jpg/1280px-Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations_Urartu_Columna_caelata_base_from_Kef_Kalesi_in_2014_02.jpg","alt":"A square basalt block carved with winged figures standing on lions, tower frames, and a band of cuneiform along the top.","author":"Dosseman","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations_Urartu_Columna_caelata_base_from_Kef_Kalesi_in_2014_02.jpg"}},{"id":"toprakkale","title":"Toprakkale","href":"/turkey/toprakkale","lat":38.517,"lon":43.4,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"turkey","place":"Zimzim hill, northeast of Van","countryName":"Turkey","ageLabel":"7th century BCE","ageQualifier":"the Urartian citadel called Rusahinili","roomStatus":"open","summary":"The rock above Van where Urartu was first dug, a Haldi temple of dark cut stone, and a mudbrick city that the nineteenth century treated as rubble.","callout":{"dx":-14,"dy":18,"anchor":"end"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Offering_table_form_the_temple_of_Haldi._From_Toprakkale%2C_Van._7th_century_BE._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg/1280px-Offering_table_form_the_temple_of_Haldi._From_Toprakkale%2C_Van._7th_century_BE._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient%2C_Istanbul.jpg","alt":"A dark volcanic-stone basin with horizontal ridges, shaped as an offering table.","author":"Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Offering_table_form_the_temple_of_Haldi._From_Toprakkale,_Van._7th_century_BE._Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient,_Istanbul.jpg"}},{"id":"muisca-raft","title":"The Muisca raft","href":"/colombia/muisca-raft","lat":4.9806,"lon":-73.7786,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"colombia","place":"Lake Guatavita and Pasca","countryName":"Colombia","ageLabel":"About 600–1600 CE","ageQualifier":"Muisca, not one year","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Eleven gold figures on a raft found in a cave, not in the lake.","callout":{"dx":18,"dy":-16,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Balsa_Muisca_BOG_03_2018_8506.jpg/1280px-Balsa_Muisca_BOG_03_2018_8506.jpg","alt":"A small gold raft with a tall central figure and smaller figures, on a dark reflective surface.","author":"Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balsa_Muisca_BOG_03_2018_8506.jpg"}},{"id":"winged-gold","title":"Winged gold","href":"/colombia/winged-gold","lat":4.151,"lon":-74.884,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"colombia","place":"Middle Magdalena, Tolima","countryName":"Colombia","ageLabel":"Catalogue dates disagree","ageQualifier":"Tolima gold, graves rarely known","roomStatus":"open","summary":"Small cast creatures that lift in a wind tunnel, and look like animals.","callout":{"dx":16,"dy":14,"anchor":"start"},"image":{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Colombia%2C_tolima_%28attr.%29%2C_pendente_a_forma_di_pesce_volante%2C_X-XV_sec%2C_oro_a_fusione%2C_01.JPG","alt":"A small gold pendant with a body, side fins, an eye, and a flat upright tail, on a modern display pin.","author":"Sailko","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Colombia,_tolima_(attr.),_pendente_a_forma_di_pesce_volante,_X-XV_sec,_oro_a_fusione,_01.JPG"}},{"id":"tierradentro","title":"Tierradentro","href":"/colombia/tierradentro","lat":2.5825,"lon":-76.0328,"placement":"land","showOnWorld":false,"countrySlug":"colombia","place":"Inzá, Cauca","countryName":"Colombia","ageLabel":"About 600–900 CE","ageQualifier":"one paint date 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